COMPEL ARTICLE III STANDING
STANDARD OF REVIEW = DE NOVO

We review de novo a district court's determination that a plaintiff lacks Article III standing to pursue a § 1985(2) claim. See Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Fla. v. Fla. State Athletic Comm'n, 226 F.3d 1226, 1228 (11th Cir. 2000). To establish Article III standing, a plaintiff must demonstrate

"(1) an injury in fact;

(2) a causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of; and

(3) that the injury is likely to be redressed by a favorable decision."