GEORGIA CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE I SECTION 1
RIGHTS OF PERSONS

ART. I §1 ¶1 | LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property except by due process of law.

ART. I §1 ¶2 | PROTECTION TO PERSON AND PROPERTY; EQUAL PROTECTION

Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete. No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws.

ART. I §1 ¶3 | FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE

Each person has the natural and inalienable right to worship God, each according to the dictates of that person’s own conscience; and no human authority should, in any case, control or interfere with such right of conscience.

ART. I §1 ¶4 | RELIGIOUS OPINIONS; FREEDOM OF RELIGION

No inhabitant of this state shall be molested in person or property or be prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of religious opinions; but the right of freedom of religion shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the state.

ART. I §1 ¶5 | FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND OF THE PRESS GUARANTEED

No law shall be passed to curtail or restrain the freedom of speech or of the press. Every person may speak, write, and publish sentiments on all subjects but shall be responsible for the abuse of that liberty.

ART. I §1 ¶6 | LIBEL

In all civil or criminal actions for libel, the truth may be given in evidence; and, if it shall appear to the trier of fact that the matter charged as libelous is true, the party shall be discharged.

ART. I §1 ¶7 | CITIZENS, PROTECTION OF

All citizens of the United States, resident in this state, are hereby declared citizens of this state; and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights, privileges, and immunities due to such citizenship.

ART. I §1 ¶8 | ARMS, RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR

The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed, but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne.

ART. I §1 ¶9 | RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE AND PETITION

The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply by petition or remonstrance to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances.

ART. I §1 ¶10 | BILL OF ATTAINDER; EX POST FACTO LAWS; AND RETROACTIVE LAWS

No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, retroactive law, or laws impairing the obligation of contract or making irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities shall be passed.

ART. I §1 ¶11 | RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY; NUMBER OF JURORS; SELECTION AND COMPENSATION OF JURORS

(a) The right to trial by jury shall remain inviolate, except that the court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases where no issuable defense is filed and where a jury is not demanded in writing by either party. In criminal cases, the defendant shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury; and the jury shall be the judges of the law and the facts.

(b) A trial jury shall consist of 12 persons; but the General Assembly may prescribe any number, not less than six, to constitute a trial jury in courts of limited jurisdiction and in superior courts in misdemeanor cases.

(c) The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection and compensation of persons to serve as grand jurors and trial jurors.

ART. I §1 ¶12 | RIGHT TO THE COURTS

No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend, either in person or by an attorney, that person’s own cause in any of the courts of this state.

ART. I §1 ¶13 | SEARCHES, SEIZURES, AND WARRANTS

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

ART. I §1 ¶14 | BENEFIT OF COUNSEL; ACCUSATION; LIST OF WITNESSES; COMPULSORY PROCESS

Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this state shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel; shall be furnished with a copy of the accusation or indictment and, on demand, with a list of the witnesses on whose testimony such charge is founded; shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of that person’s own witnesses; and shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against such person.

ART. I §1 ¶15 | HABEAS CORPUS

The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.

ART. I §1 ¶16 | SELF-INCRIMINATION

No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any manner to be self-incriminating.

ART. I §1 ¶17 | BAIL; FINES; PUNISHMENT; ARREST, ABUSE OF PRISONERS

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted; nor shall any person be abused in being arrested, while under arrest, or in prison.

ART. I §1 ¶18 | JEOPARDY OF LIFE OR LIBERTY MORE THAN ONCE FORBIDDEN

No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense except when a new trial has been granted after conviction or in case of mistrial.

ART. I §1 ¶19 | TREASON

Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist of insurrection against the state, adhering to the state’s enemies, or giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court.

ART. I §1 ¶20 | CONVICTION, EFFECT OF

No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.

ART. I §1 ¶21 | BANISHMENT AND WHIPPING AS PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME

Neither banishment beyond the limits of the state nor whipping shall be allowed as a punishment for crime.

ART. I §1 ¶22 | INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE

There shall be no involuntary servitude within the State of Georgia except as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof or for contempt of court.

ART. I §1 ¶23 | IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT

There shall be no imprisonment for debt.

ART. I §1 ¶24 | COSTS

No person shall be compelled to pay costs in any criminal case except after conviction on final trial.

ART. I §1 ¶25 | STATUS OF THE CITIZEN

The social status of a citizen shall never be the subject of legislation.

ART. I §1 ¶26 | EXEMPTIONS FROM LEVY AND SALE

The General Assembly shall protect by law from levy and sale by virtue of any process under the laws of this state a portion of the property of each person in an amount of not less than $1,600.00 and shall have authority to define to whom any such additional exemptions shall be allowed; to specify the amount of such exemptions; to provide for the manner of exempting such property and for the sale, alienation, and encumbrance thereof; and to provide for the waiver of said exemptions by the debtor.

ART. I §1 ¶27 | SPOUSE’S SEPARATE PROPERTY

The separate property of each spouse shall remain the separate property of that spouse except as otherwise provided by law.

ART. I §1 ¶28 | FISHING AND HUNTING

The tradition of fishing and hunting and the taking of fish and wildlife shall be preserved for the people and shall be managed by law and regulation for the public good.

ART. I §1 ¶29 | ENUMERATION OF RIGHTS NOT DENIAL OF OTHERS

The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed.

ART. I §1 ¶30 | RIGHTS OF CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS

(a) For the purpose of this Paragraph, a victim shall be considered an individual against whom a crime has allegedly been perpetrated, including crimes alleged as delinquent acts. Such victims shall be accorded the utmost dignity and respect and shall be treated fairly by the criminal justice system of this state and all agencies and departments that serve such system. When the crime is one against or involving the person of the victim or is a felony property crime, such victim shall be afforded the following specific rights:

(1) The right upon request to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any scheduled court proceedings involving the alleged act or changes to the scheduling of such proceedings;

(2) The right upon request to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of the arrest, release, or escape of the accused;

(3) The right not to be excluded from any scheduled court proceedings involving the alleged act;

(4) The right upon request to be heard at any scheduled court proceedings involving the release, plea, or sentencing of the accused; and

(5) The right to be informed of his or her rights.

(b) A victim described in subparagraph (a) of this Paragraph shall have the right to assert the rights enumerated in subparagraph (a) of this Paragraph. The General Assembly shall provide by general law the process whereby such victim may assert the rights provided by subparagraph (a) of this Paragraph by motion within the same criminal or delinquency proceeding giving rise to such rights. At the hearing on such motion, such victim may be represented by an attorney, but neither the state nor any of its political subdivisions shall be obligated to appoint an attorney to represent him or her. The General Assembly shall provide by general law the process whereby a family member, guardian, or legal custodian of a victim when he or she is a minor, legally incapacitated, or deceased may assert the rights of such victim.

(c) This Paragraph shall not:

(1) Create any cause of action against the State of Georgia; any political subdivision of the State of Georgia; any officer, employee, or agent of the State of Georgia or of any of its political subdivisions; or any officer or employee of the court;

(2) Confer upon any victim the right to:

(A) Appeal any decision made in a criminal or delinquency proceeding;

(B) Challenge any verdict or sentence entered in a criminal or delinquency proceeding; or

(C) Standing to participate as a party in a criminal or delinquency proceeding other than to file a motion as provided in subparagraph (b) of this Paragraph;

(3) Restrict the authority of the General Assembly, by general law, to further define or expand upon the rights provided in this Paragraph or to regulate the reasonable exercise thereof; or

(4) Restrict the inherent authority of the courts to maintain order in the courtroom.

Congratulations! You're now booked up on Article I Section 1 of the Georgia Constitution!

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Perhaps it'll [even] help you navigate through your state's administrative gauntlet. A gauntlet which might include – but not be limited to:

Nevertheless – and as always – please get the justice you deserve.

Sincerely,

www.TextBookDiscrimination.com

GEORGIA CONSTITUTIONARTICLE I SECTION 1RIGHTS OF PERSONS

ART. I §1 ¶1 | LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY

ART. I §1 ¶2 | PROTECTION TO PERSON AND PROPERTY; EQUAL PROTECTION

ART. I §1 ¶3 | FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE

ART. I §1 ¶4 | RELIGIOUS OPINIONS; FREEDOM OF RELIGION

ART. I §1 ¶5 | FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND OF THE PRESS GUARANTEED

ART. I §1 ¶6 | LIBEL

ART. I §1 ¶7 | CITIZENS, PROTECTION OF

ART. I §1 ¶8 | ARMS, RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR

ART. I §1 ¶9 | RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE AND PETITION

ART. I §1 ¶10 | BILL OF ATTAINDER; EX POST FACTO LAWS; AND RETROACTIVE LAWS

ART. I §1 ¶11 | RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY; NUMBER OF JURORS; SELECTION AND COMPENSATION OF JURORS

ART. I §1 ¶12 | RIGHT TO THE COURTS

ART. I §1 ¶13 | SEARCHES, SEIZURES, AND WARRANTS

ART. I §1 ¶14 | BENEFIT OF COUNSEL; ACCUSATION; LIST OF WITNESSES; COMPULSORY PROCESS

ART. I §1 ¶15 | HABEAS CORPUS

ART. I §1 ¶16 | SELF-INCRIMINATION

ART. I §1 ¶17 | BAIL; FINES; PUNISHMENT; ARREST, ABUSE OF PRISONERS

ART. I §1 ¶18 | JEOPARDY OF LIFE OR LIBERTY MORE THAN ONCE FORBIDDEN

ART. I §1 ¶19 | TREASON

ART. I §1 ¶20 | CONVICTION, EFFECT OF

ART. I §1 ¶21 | BANISHMENT AND WHIPPING AS PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME

ART. I §1 ¶22 | INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE

ART. I §1 ¶23 | IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT

ART. I §1 ¶24 | COSTS

ART. I §1 ¶25 | STATUS OF THE CITIZEN

ART. I §1 ¶26 | EXEMPTIONS FROM LEVY AND SALE

ART. I §1 ¶27 | SPOUSE’S SEPARATE PROPERTY

ART. I §1 ¶28 | FISHING AND HUNTING

ART. I §1 ¶29 | ENUMERATION OF RIGHTS NOT DENIAL OF OTHERS

ART. I §1 ¶30 | RIGHTS OF CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS

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