NORTH DAKOTA CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE X
FINANCE AND PUBLIC DEBT
Art. X §1 | PROPERTY TAXATION RESTRICTIONS
Art. X §2 | PRESERVATION OF TAXATION AUTHORITY
Art. X §3 | TAXATION LAWS AND REVENUE ALLOCATION
Art. X §4 | ASSESSMENT OF TAXABLE PROPERTY
Art. X §5 | UNIFORMITY IN TAXATION AND EXEMPTIONS
Art. X §6 | REPEALED
Art. X §7 | ACREAGE TAXATION FOR AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION
Art. X §8 | LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY FOR TAXATION
Art. X §9 | HAIL INSURANCE FUND AND LAND TAXATION
Art. X §10 | MEDICAL CENTER FUNDING THROUGH PROPERTY TAX
2. This amendment shall be self-executing, but legislation may be enacted to facilitate its operation.
Art. X §11 | HIGHWAY FUNDING AND FUEL TAX ALLOCATION
Art. X §12 | PUBLIC FUNDS MANAGEMENT AND DISBURSEMENT
This constitutional amendment shall not be construed to apply to fees and moneys received in connection with the licensing and organization of physicians and surgeons, pharmacists, dentists, osteopaths, optometrists, embalmers, barbers, lawyers, veterinarians, nurses, chiropractors, accountants, architects, hairdressers, chiropodists, and other similarly organized, licensed trades and professions; and this constitutional amendment shall not be construed to amend or repeal existing laws or Acts amendatory thereof concerning such fees and moneys.
2. No bills, claims, accounts, or demands against the state or any county or other political subdivision shall be audited, allowed, or paid until a full itemized statement in writing shall be filed with the officer or officers whose duty it may be to audit the same, and then only upon warrant drawn upon the treasurer of such funds by the proper officer or officers.
3. This amendment shall become effective on July 1, 1939.
Art. X §13 | STATE BOND ISSUANCE AND FINANCIAL LIMITS
No further indebtedness shall be incurred by the state unless evidenced by a bond issue, which shall be authorized by law for certain purposes, to be clearly defined. Every law authorizing a bond issue shall provide for levying an annual tax, or make other provision, sufficient to pay the interest semiannually, and the principal within thirty years from the date of the issue of such bonds and shall specially appropriate the proceeds of such tax, or of such other provisions to the payment of said principal and interest, and such appropriation shall not be repealed nor the tax or other provisions discontinued until such debt, both principal and interest, shall have been paid. No debt in excess of the limit named herein shall be incurred except for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, defending the state in time of war or to provide for the public defense in case of threatened hostilities.
Art. X §14 | REVENUE BONDS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
2. The state may issue general obligation bonds for this purpose to an amount which, with all outstanding general obligation bonds, less the amount of all money on hand and taxes in process of collection which are appropriated for their payment, will not exceed five percent of the full and true value of all of the taxable property in the state, to be ascertained by the last assessment made for state and county purposes: but nothing herein shall increase or diminish the limitations established by other provisions of the constitution on the amount of bonds therein authorized to be issued.
3. The state may also issue revenue bonds for the purpose of providing part or all of the funds required for any project undertaken under subsection 1, payable solely from sums realized from payments of principal and interest on money loaned for such project, and from other similar projects if so determined by the legislature, and from the liquidation of security given for such payments. Revenue bonds issued for any project shall not exceed the cost thereof, including all expenses reasonably incurred to complete and finance the project, but shall not be subject to any other limitation of amount.
4. The full faith and credit of the state shall be pledged for the prompt and full payment of all bonds issued under subsection 2. Its obligation with respect to bonds issued under subsection 3 shall be limited to the prompt and full performance of such covenants as the legislature may authorize to be made respecting the enforcing of the provisions of underlying loan agreements and the segregation, accounting, and application of bond proceeds and of loan payments and other security pledged for the payment of the bonds. All bonds authorized by subsections 1 to 3, inclusive, shall mature within forty years from their respective dates of issue, but may be refunded at or before maturity in such manner and for such term and upon such conditions as the legislature may direct. Any such bonds may, but need not be, secured by mortgage upon real or personal property acquired with the proceeds of the same or any other issue of general obligation or revenue bonds, or upon other property mortgaged by the debtor. Pledges of revenues and mortgages of property securing bonds of any issue may be prior or subordinate to or on a parity with pledges and mortgages securing any other issue of general obligation or revenue bonds, as determined by the legislature from time to time in conformity with any provisions made for the security of outstanding bonds.
5. The legislature shall pass such laws as are appropriate to implement this amendment.
6. If any subsection of this amendment, or any part of a subsection, or any application thereof to particular circumstances should be held invalid for any reason, such invalidity shall not affect the validity of all remaining provisions of this amendment which may be given effect without that which is declared invalid, as applied to any circumstances and for this purpose all subsections and parts of subsections and applications thereof are declared to be severable.
Art. X §15 | LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEBT LIMITATIONS
In estimating the indebtedness which a city, county, township, school district or any other political subdivision may incur, the entire amount, exclusive of the bonds upon said revenue-producing utilities, whether contracted prior or subsequent to the adoption of this constitution, shall be included; provided further that any incorporated city may become indebted in any amount not exceeding four per centum of such assessed value without regard to the existing indebtedness of such city for the purpose of constructing or purchasing waterworks for furnishing a supply of water to the inhabitants of such city, or for the purpose of constructing sewers, and for no other purposes whatever. All bonds and obligations in excess of the amount of indebtedness permitted by this constitution, given by any city, county, township, town, school district, or any other political subdivision shall be void.
Art. X §16 | TAXATION FOR DEBT REPAYMENT AND FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY
Art. X §17 | BOND CERTIFICATION AND DEBT VALIDATION
Art. X §18 | GOVERNMENT INVESTMENTS AND CREDIT RESTRICTIONS
Art. X §19 | GRAIN TERMINAL OPERATIONS IN NEIGHBORING STATES
Art. X §20 | GRAIN TERMINAL OPERATIONS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Art. X §21 | COAL TAXATION AND PERMANENT TRUST FUNDS
Art. X §22 | OIL AND GAS REVENUE ALLOCATION FOR WATER PROJECTS
2. Funding of programs for energy conservation.
Art. X §23 | VETERANS' COMPENSATION AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
Art. X §24 | OIL EXTRACTION REVENUE FOR EDUCATION
2. Ten percent of the revenue from oil extraction taxes from taxable oil produced in this state must be deposited in the foundation aid stabilization fund in the state treasury, the interest of which must be transferred to the state general fund on July first of each year.
b. Whenever the principal balance of the foundation aid stabilization fund exceeds fifteen percent of the general fund appropriation for state aid to school districts, for the most recently completed biennium, as determined by the office of management and budget, the legislative assembly may appropriate or transfer any excess principal balance. Such amount may be used for education-related purposes, as provided by law.
Art. X §25 | VETERANS' POSTWAR TRUST FUND MANAGEMENT
Art. X §26 | LEGACY FUND AND LONG-TERM FINANCIAL STABILITY
2. The principal of the legacy fund may be expended, but an expenditure of principal requires a vote of at least two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the legislative assembly. Not more than five percent of the principal of the legacy fund may be expended during a biennium.
3. Statutory programs, in existence as a result of legislation enacted through 2009, providing for impact grants, direct revenue allocations to political subdivisions, and deposits in the oil and gas research fund must remain in effect but the legislative assembly may adjust statutory allocations for those purposes.
4. The state investment board shall invest the moneys in the legacy fund.
5. On July first of each odd-numbered year, the state treasurer shall make a distribution from the legacy fund to a legacy earnings fund as provided by law, but a distribution may not result in an expenditure of principal.
Art. X §27 | PROHIBITION ON PROPERTY TRANSFER TAXES
This material might help you recover from the damages that lawbreaking judges/lawyers/agencies/organizations have inflicted upon you [and/or the public] (see this example of a Florida judge who outright committed perjury).
Perhaps it'll [even] help you navigate through your state's administrative gauntlet. A gauntlet which might include – but not be limited to:
- State Agency Bribery;
- State Agency Corruption;
- State Agency Obstruction; and
- State Agency Self-Discrimination
Sincerely,
www.TextBookDiscrimination.com
