Nevada Constitution
Introduction
NOTE ON THE NEVADA CONSTITUTION
The literal text of the original, signed copy of the constitution filed in the office of the secretary of state has been retained, unless it has been repealed or superseded by amendment. Where the original text has been amended or where a new provision has been added to the original constitution, the source of the amendment or addition is indicated in the source note immediately following the text of the amended or new section. Leadlines for sections have been supplied by the Legislative Counsel of the State of Nevada.]
PRELIMINARY ACTION
The Act of Congress Approved March Twenty First A.D. Eighteen Hundred and Sixty Four “To enable the People of the Territory of Nevada to form a Constitution and State Government and for the admission of such State into the Union on an equal footing with the Original States,” requires that the Members of the Convention for framing said Constitution shall, after Organization, on behalf of the people of said Territory, adopt the Constitution of the United States. — Therefore, Be it Resolved,
That the Members of this Convention, elected by the Authority of the aforesaid enabling Act of Congress, Assembled in Carson City the Capital of said Territory of Nevada, and immediately subsequent to its Organization, do adopt, on behalf of the people of said Territory the Constitution of the United States[.]
ORDINANCE
(2) before November 26, 2024, Congress does not consent to the amendment proposed by Senate Joint Resolution No. 27 (1993) or a legal determination is not made that such consent is not necessary.]
Second. That perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no inhabitant of said state shall ever be molested, in person or property, on account of his or her mode of religious worship.
Third. That the people inhabiting said territory do agree and declare, that they forever disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public lands lying within said territory, and that the same shall be and remain at the sole and entire disposition of the United States; and that lands belonging to citizens of the United States, residing without the said state, shall never be taxed higher than the land belonging to the residents thereof; and that no taxes shall be imposed by said state on lands or property therein belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by, the United States, unless otherwise provided by the congress of the United States.
(2) before November 26, 2024, Congress does not consent to the amendment proposed by Senate Joint Resolution No. 27 (1993) or a legal determination is not made that such consent is not necessary.]
Second. That perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no inhabitant of said state shall ever be molested, in person or property, on account of his or her mode of religious worship.
Third. That the people inhabiting said territory do agree and declare, that they forever disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public lands lying within said territory, and that the same shall be and remain at the sole and entire disposition of the United States; and that lands belonging to citizens of the United States, residing without the said state, shall never be taxed higher than the land belonging to the residents thereof; and that no taxes shall be imposed by said state on lands or property therein belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by, the United States, unless otherwise provided by the congress of the United States.
(2) before November 26, 2024, Congress consents to the amendment proposed by Senate Joint Resolution No. 27 (1993) or a legal determination is made that such consent is not necessary.]
Second. That perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no inhabitant of said state shall ever be molested, in person or property, on account of his or her mode of religious worship.
Third. That the people inhabiting said territory do agree and declare, that lands belonging to citizens of the United States, residing without the said state, shall never be taxed higher than the land belonging to the residents thereof; and that no taxes shall be imposed by said state on lands or property therein belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by, the United States, unless otherwise provided by the Congress of the United States.
(2) before November 26, 2024, Congress consents to the amendment proposed by Senate Joint Resolution No. 27 (1993) or a legal determination is made that such consent is not necessary.]
Second. That perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no inhabitant of said state shall ever be molested, in person or property, on account of his or her mode of religious worship.
Third. That the people inhabiting said territory do agree and declare, that lands belonging to citizens of the United States, residing without the said state, shall never be taxed higher than the land belonging to the residents thereof; and that no taxes shall be imposed by said state on lands or property therein belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by, the United States, unless otherwise provided by the Congress of the United States.
PREAMBLE
Article I
Declaration of Rights
Art. I §1 | INALIENABLE RIGHTS
Art. I §2 | PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT; PARAMOUNT ALLEGIANCE TO UNITED STATES
Art. I §3 | TRIAL BY JURY; WAIVER IN CIVIL CASES
Art. I §4 | LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE
Art. I §5 | SUSPENSION OF HABEAS CORPUS
Art. I §6 | EXCESSIVE BAIL AND FINES; CRUEL OR UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS; DETENTION OF WITNESSES
Art. I §7 | BAIL; EXCEPTION FOR CAPITAL OFFENSES AND CERTAIN MURDERS
Art. I §8 | RIGHTS OF ACCUSED IN CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS; JEOPARDY; DUE PROCESS OF LAW; EMINENT DOMAIN
2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.
3. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation having been first made, or secured, except in cases of war, riot, fire, or great public peril, in which case compensation shall be afterward made.
Art. I §8A | RIGHTS OF VICTIMS OF CRIME
(b) To be reasonably protected from the defendant and persons acting on behalf of the defendant.
(c) To have the safety of the victim and the victim’s family considered as a factor in fixing the amount of bail and release conditions for the defendant.
(d) To prevent the disclosure of confidential information or records to the defendant which could be used to locate or harass the victim or the victim’s family.
(e) To refuse an interview or deposition request, unless under court order, and to set reasonable conditions on the conduct of any such interview to which the victim consents.
(f) To reasonably confer with the prosecuting agency, upon request, regarding the case.
(g) To reasonable notice of all public proceedings, including delinquency proceedings, upon request, at which the defendant and the prosecutor are entitled to be present and of all parole or other postconviction release proceedings, and to be present at all such proceedings.
(h) To be reasonably heard, upon request, at any public proceeding, including any delinquency proceeding, in any court involving release or sentencing, and at any parole proceeding.
(i) To the timely disposition of the case following the arrest of the defendant.
(j) To provide information to any public officer or employee conducting a presentence investigation concerning the impact of the offense on the victim and the victim’s family and any sentencing recommendations before the sentencing of the defendant.
(k) To be informed, upon request, of the conviction, sentence, place and time of incarceration, or other disposition of the defendant, the scheduled release date of the defendant and the release of or the escape by the defendant from custody.
(l) To full and timely restitution.
(m) To the prompt return of legal property when no longer needed as evidence.
(n) To be informed of all postconviction proceedings, to participate and provide information to the parole authority to be considered before the parole of the offender and to be notified, upon request, of the parole or other release of the offender.
(o) To have the safety of the victim, the victim’s family and the general public considered before any parole or other postjudgment release decision is made.
(p) To have all monetary payments, money and property collected from any person who has been ordered to make restitution be first applied to pay the amounts ordered as restitution to the victim.
(q) To be specifically informed of the rights enumerated in this section, and to have information concerning those rights be made available to the general public.
3. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, no person may maintain an action against this State or any public officer or employee for damages or injunctive, declaratory or other legal or equitable relief on behalf of a victim of a crime as a result of a violation of this section or any statute enacted by the Legislature pursuant thereto. No such violation authorizes setting aside a conviction.
4. A person may maintain an action to compel a public officer or employee to carry out any duty required by this section or any statute enacted by the Legislature pursuant thereto.
5. The granting of these rights to victims must not be construed to deny or disparage other rights possessed by victims. A parole authority shall extend the right to be heard at a parole hearing to any person harmed by the offender.
6. The Legislature shall by law provide any other measure necessary or useful to secure to victims of crime the benefit of the rights set forth in this section.
7. As used in this section, “victim” means any person directly and proximately harmed by the commission of a criminal offense under any law of this State. If the victim is less than 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated or deceased, the term includes the legal guardian of the victim or a representative of the victim’s estate, member of the victim’s family or any other person who is appointed by the court to act on the victim’s behalf, except that the court shall not appoint the defendant as such a person.
Art. I §9 | LIBERTY OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS
Art. I §10 | RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE AND TO PETITION
Art. I §11 | RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS; CIVIL POWER SUPREME
2. The military shall be subordinate to the civil power; No standing army shall be maintained by this State in time of peace, and in time of War, no appropriation for a standing army shall be for a longer time than two years.
Art. I §12 | QUARTERING SOLDIER IN PRIVATE HOUSE
Art. I §13 | REPRESENTATION APPORTIONED ACCORDING TO POPULATION
Art. I §14 | EXEMPTION OF PROPERTY FROM EXECUTION; IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT
Art. I §15 | BILL OF ATTAINDER; EX POST FACTO LAW; OBLIGATION OF CONTRACT
Art. I §16 | RIGHTS OF FOREIGNERS [REPEALED IN 1924]
Footnotes
“Foreigners who are, or who may hereafter become Bona-fide residents of this State, shall enjoy the same rights, in respect to the possession, enjoyment and inheritance of property, as native born citizens.”]
Art. I §17 | SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE PROHIBITED [EFFECTIVE THROUGH NOVEMBER 25, 2024, AND AFTER THAT DATE UNLESS THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 10 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. I §17 | SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE PROHIBITED [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 26, 2024, IF THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 10 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. I §18 | UNREASONABLE SEIZURE AND SEARCH; ISSUANCE OF WARRANTS
Art. I §19 | TREASON
Art. I §20 | RIGHTS RETAINED BY PEOPLE
Art. I §21 | RECOGNITION OF MARRIAGE
2. Religious organizations and members of the clergy have the right to refuse to solemnize a marriage, and no person has the right to make any claim against a religious organization or member of the clergy for such a refusal.
3. All legally valid marriages must be treated equally under the law.
Art. I §22 | EMINENT DOMAIN PROCEEDINGS: RESTRICTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
2. In all eminent domain actions, prior to the government’s occupancy, a property owner shall be given copies of all appraisals by the government and shall be entitled, at the property owner’s election, to a separate and distinct determination by a district court jury, as to whether the taking is actually for a public use.
3. If a public use is determined, the taken or damaged property shall be valued at its highest and best use without considering any future dedication requirements imposed by the government. If private property is taken for any proprietary governmental purpose, then the property shall be valued at the use to which the government intends to put the property, if such use results in a higher value for the land taken.
4. In all eminent domain actions, just compensation shall be defined as that sum of money, necessary to place the property owner back in the same position, monetarily, without any governmental offsets, as if the property had never been taken. Just compensation shall include, but is not limited to, compounded interest and all reasonable costs and expenses actually incurred.
5. In all eminent domain actions where fair market value is applied, it shall be defined as the highest price the property would bring on the open market.
6. Property taken in eminent domain shall automatically revert back to the original property owner upon repayment of the original purchase price, if the property is not used within five years for the original purpose stated by the government. The five years shall begin running from the date of the entry of the final order of condemnation.
7. A property owner shall not be liable to the government for attorney fees or costs in any eminent domain action.
8. For all provisions contained in this section, government shall be defined as the State of Nevada, its political subdivisions, agencies, any public or private agent acting on their behalf, and any public or private entity that has the power of eminent domain.
9. Any provision contained in this section shall be deemed a separate and freestanding right and shall remain in full force and effect should any other provision contained in this section be stricken for any reason.
Art. I §24 | EQUALITY OF RIGHTS
Art. I §25 | FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 24, 2026, IF THE PROVISIONS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO 7 (2023) ARE AGREED TO AND PASSED BY THE 2025 LEGISLATURE AND APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2026 GENERAL ELECTION]
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection 1, the State may regulate the provision of abortion care after fetal viability, provided that in no circumstance may the State prohibit an abortion that, in the professional judgment of an attending provider of health care, is medically indicated to protect the life or physical or mental health of the pregnant individual.
3. The State shall not penalize, prosecute or otherwise take adverse action against an individual based on the actual, potential, perceived or alleged outcome of the pregnancy of the individual, including, without limitation, a miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion.
4. The State shall not penalize, prosecute or otherwise take adverse action against a provider of health care, who is licensed by the State, for acting consistent with the applicable scope of practice and standard of care for performing an abortion upon, providing abortion care to or providing reproductive care services to an individual who has granted the individual’s voluntary consent.
5. The State shall not penalize, prosecute or otherwise take adverse action against any individual or entity for aiding or assisting another individual in exercising the right of the individual to reproductive freedom with the voluntary consent of the individual.
6. Nothing provided in this section narrows or limits the right to equality or equal protection.
7. As used in this section:
(b) “Fetal viability” means the point in a pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of an attending provider of health care and based on the particular facts of the case, there is a significant likelihood of the sustained survival of the fetus outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures.
(c) “Least restrictive means” means in a manner that restricts or infringes upon the autonomous decision-making of an individual to the slightest degree possible while furthering a compelling state interest.
Article II
Right of Suffrage
Art. II §1 | RIGHT TO VOTE; QUALIFICATIONS OF ELECTOR; QUALIFICATIONS OF NONELECTOR TO VOTE FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT OF UNITED STATES
Art. II §1A | RIGHTS OF VOTERS
(b) Accurately records the voter’s preference in the selection of candidates.
3. To vote without being intimidated, threatened or coerced.
4. To vote during any period for early voting or on election day if the voter is waiting in line at a polling place at which, by law, the voter is entitled to vote at the time that the polls close and the voter has not already cast a vote in that election.
5. To return a spoiled ballot and receive another ballot in its place.
6. To request assistance in voting, if necessary.
7. To a sample ballot which is accurate, informative and delivered in a timely manner as provided by law.
8. To receive instruction in the use of the equipment for voting during any period for early voting or on election day.
9. To equal access to the elections system without discrimination, including, without limitation, discrimination on the basis of race, age, disability, military service, employment or overseas residence.
10. To a uniform, statewide standard for counting and recounting all votes accurately as provided by law.
11. To have complaints about elections and election contests resolved fairly, accurately and efficiently as provided by law.
Art. II §2 | WHEN RESIDENCE NOT GAINED OR LOST
Art. II §3 | ARMED FORCES PERSONNEL [REPEALED IN 1972]
Notes
The section as amended in 1956 and repealed in 1972 read:
“The right of suffrage shall be enjoyed by all persons, otherwise entitled to the same, who may be in the military or naval service of the United States; provided, the votes so cast shall be made to apply to the county and township of which said voters were bona fide residents at the time of their entry into such service; and provided further, that the payment of a poll tax shall not be required as a condition to the right of voting. Provision shall be made by law, regulating the manner of voting, holding elections, and making returns of such elections, wherein other provisions are not contained in this constitution.”]
Art. II §4 | PRIVILEGE OF QUALIFIED ELECTORS ON GENERAL ELECTION DAY
Art. II §5 | VOTING BY BALLOT; VOTING IN ELECTIONS BY LEGISLATURE
Art. II §6 | REGISTRATION OF ELECTORS; TEST OF ELECTORAL QUALIFICATIONS
Art. II §7 | POLL TAX: LEVY AND PURPOSE [REPEALED IN 1966]
Notes
The section as amended in 1910 and repealed in 1966 read:
“The Legislature shall provide by law for the payment of an annual poll tax of not less than two, nor exceeding four, dollars from each male resident in the State between the ages of twenty-one and sixty years (uncivilized American Indians excepted) to be expended for the maintenance and betterment of the public roads.”]
Art. II §8 | QUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS ON ADOPTION OR REJECTION OF CONSTITUTION
Art. II §9 | RECALL OF PUBLIC OFFICERS: PROCEDURE AND LIMITATIONS
Art. II §10 | LIMITATION ON CONTRIBUTIONS TO CAMPAIGN
2. The Legislature shall provide by law for the limitation of the total contribution by any natural or artificial person to the campaign of any person for election to any office, except a federal office, to $5,000 for the primary and $5,000 for the general election, and to the approval or rejection of any question by the registered voters to $5,000, whether the office sought or the question submitted is local or for the State as a whole. The Legislature shall further provide for the punishment of the contributor, the candidate, and any other knowing party to a violation of the limit, as a felony.
Article III
Distribution of Powers
Art. III §1 | THREE SEPARATE DEPARTMENTS; SEPARATION OF POWERS; LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
2. If the legislature authorizes the adoption of regulations by an executive agency which bind persons outside the agency, the legislature may provide by law for:
(b) The suspension by a legislative agency of any such regulation which appears to exceed that authority, until it is reviewed by a legislative body composed of members of the Senate and Assembly which is authorized to act on behalf of both houses of the legislature; and
(c) The nullification of any such regulation by a majority vote of that legislative body, whether or not the regulation was suspended.
Article IV
Legislative Department
Art. IV §1 | LEGISLATIVE POWER VESTED IN SENATE AND ASSEMBLY
Art. IV §2 | BIENNIAL SESSIONS OF LEGISLATURE: COMMENCEMENT; LIMITATION ON DURATION; VOID ACTIONS; SUBMISSION OF PROPOSED EXECUTIVE BUDGET
2. The Legislature shall adjourn sine die each regular session not later than midnight Pacific time at the end of the 120th consecutive calendar day of that session, inclusive of the day on which that session commences. Any legislative action taken after midnight Pacific time at the end of the 120th consecutive calendar day of that session is void, unless the legislative action is conducted during a special session.
3. The Governor shall submit the proposed executive budget to the Legislature not later than 14 calendar days before the commencement of each regular session.
4. For the purposes of this section, “midnight Pacific time” must be determined based on the actual measure of time that, on the final calendar day of the session, is being used and observed by the general population as the uniform time for the portion of Nevada which lies within the Pacific time zone, or any legal successor to the Pacific time zone, and which includes the seat of government of this State as designated by Section 1 of Article 15 of this Constitution. The Legislature and its members, officers and employees shall not employ any device, pretense or fiction that adjusts, evades or ignores this measure of time for the purpose of extending the duration of the session.
Art. IV §2A | SPECIAL SESSIONS OF LEGISLATURE: PROCEDURE FOR CONVENING; PRECEDENCE; LIMITATIONS ON BUSINESS AND DURATION; VOID ACTIONS
2. At a special session convened pursuant to this section, the Legislature shall not introduce, consider or pass any bills except those related to the business specified in the petition and those necessary to provide for the expenses of the session.
3. A special session convened pursuant to this section takes precedence over a special session convened by the Governor pursuant to Section 9 of Article 5 of this Constitution, unless otherwise provided in the petition convening the special session pursuant to this section.
4. The Legislature may provide by law for the procedure for convening a special session pursuant to this section.
5. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the Legislature shall adjourn sine die a special session convened pursuant to this section not later than midnight Pacific time at the end of the 20th consecutive calendar day of that session, inclusive of the day on which that session commences. Any legislative action taken after midnight Pacific time at the end of the 20th consecutive calendar day of that session is void. This subsection does not apply to a special session that is convened to conduct proceedings for:
(b) Expulsion from office of a member of the Legislature pursuant to Section 6 of Article 4 of this Constitution.
Art. IV §3 | MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY: ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE; ELIGIBILITY FOR OFFICE
2. No person may be elected or appointed as a member of the Assembly who has served in that Office, or at the expiration of his current term if he is so serving will have served, 12 years or more, from any district of this State.
Art. IV §4 | SENATORS: ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE; ELIGIBILITY FOR OFFICE
2. No person may be elected or appointed as a Senator who has served in that Office, or at the expiration of his current term if he is so serving will have served, 12 years or more, from any district of this State.
Art. IV §5 | NUMBER OF SENATORS AND MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY; APPORTIONMENT
It shall be the mandatory duty of the Legislature at its first session after the taking of the decennial census of the United States in the year 1950, and after each subsequent decennial census, to fix by law the number of Senators and Assemblymen, and apportion them among the several counties of the State, or among legislative districts which may be established by law, according to the number of inhabitants in them, respectively.
Art. IV §6 | POWER OF HOUSES TO JUDGE QUALIFICATIONS, ELECTIONS AND RETURNS OF MEMBERS; SELECTION OF OFFICERS; RULES OF PROCEEDINGS; PUNISHMENT OF MEMBERS
Art. IV §7 | PUNISHMENT OF NONMEMBER
Art. IV §8 | SENATORS AND MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY INELIGIBLE FOR CERTAIN OFFICES
Art. IV §9 | FEDERAL OFFICERS INELIGIBLE FOR STATE OFFICE; EXCEPTIONS
Art. IV §10 | EMBEArt. IV §10LER OF PUBLIC MONEY INELIGIBLE FOR OFFICE; DISQUALIFICATION FOR BRIBERY
Art. IV §11 | PRIVILEGE OF MEMBERS: FREEDOM FROM ARREST ON CIVIL PROCESS
Art. IV §12 | VACANCY
Art. IV §13 | QUORUM; COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Art. IV §14 | JOURNAL
Art. IV §15 | OPEN SESSIONS AND MEETINGS; ADJOURNMENT FOR MORE THAN 3 DAYS OR TO ANOTHER PLACE
Art. IV §16 | BILLS MAY ORIGINATE IN EITHER HOUSE; AMENDMENT
Art. IV §17 | ACT TO EMBRACE ONE SUBJECT ONLY; TITLE; AMENDMENT
Art. IV §18 | READING OF BILL; VOTING ON FINAL PASSAGE; NUMBER OF MEMBERS NECESSARY TO PASS BILL OR JOINT RESOLUTION; SIGNATURES; REFERRAL OF CERTAIN MEASURES TO VOTERS; CONSENT CALENDAR
2. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, an affirmative vote of not fewer than two-thirds of the members elected to each House is necessary to pass a bill or joint resolution which creates, generates, or increases any public revenue in any form, including but not limited to taxes, fees, assessments and rates, or changes in the computation bases for taxes, fees, assessments and rates.
3. A majority of all of the members elected to each House may refer any measure which creates, generates, or increases any revenue in any form to the people of the State at the next general election, and shall become effective and enforced only if it has been approved by a majority of the votes cast on the measure at such election.
4. Each House may provide by rule for the creation of a consent calendar and establish the procedure for the passage of uncontested bills.
Art. IV §19 | MANNER OF DRAWING MONEY FROM TREASURY
Art. IV §20 | CERTAIN LOCAL AND SPECIAL LAWS PROHIBITED
For the punishment of crimes and misdemeanors;
Regulating the practice of courts of justice;
Providing for changing the venue in civil and criminal cases;
Granting divorces;
Changing the names of persons;
Vacating roads, town plots, streets, alleys, and public squares;
Summoning and impaneling grand and petit juries, and providing for their compensation;
Regulating county and township business;
Regulating the election of county and township officers;
For the assessment and collection of taxes for state, county, and township purposes;
Providing for opening and conducting elections of state, county, or township officers, and designating the places of voting;
Providing for the sale of real estate belonging to minors or other persons laboring under legal disabilities;
Giving effect to invalid deeds, wills, or other instruments;
Refunding money paid into the state treasury, or into the treasury of any county;
Releasing the indebtedness, liability, or obligation of any corporation, association, or person to the state, or to any county, town, or city of this state; but nothing in this section shall be construed to deny or restrict the power of the legislature to establish and regulate the compensation and fees of county officers, to authorize and empower the boards of county commissioners of the various counties of the state to establish and regulate the compensation and fees of township officers in their respective counties, to establish and regulate the rates of freight, passage, toll, and charges of railroads, tollroads, ditch, flume, and tunnel companies incorporated under the laws of this state or doing business therein.
Art. IV §21 | GENERAL LAWS TO HAVE UNIFORM APPLICATION
Art. IV §22 | SUIT AGAINST STATE
Art. IV §23 | ENACTING CLAUSE; LAW TO BE ENACTED BY BILL
“The people of the State of Nevada represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows,”and no law shall be enacted except by bill.
Art. IV §24 | LOTTERIES [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 24, 2026, IF THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 5 (2023) ARE AGREED TO AND PASSED BY THE 2025 LEGISLATURE AND APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2026 GENERAL ELECTION]
2. The State and the political subdivisions thereof shall not operate a lottery. The Legislature may authorize persons engaged in charitable activities or activities not for profit to operate a lottery in the form of a raffle or drawing on their own behalf. All proceeds of the lottery, less expenses directly related to the operation of the lottery, must be used only to benefit charitable or nonprofit activities in this State. A charitable or nonprofit organization shall not employ or otherwise engage any person to organize or operate its lottery for compensation. The Legislature may provide by law for the regulation of such lotteries.
Notes
Art. IV §24 | LOTTERIES [EFFECTIVE THROUGH NOVEMBER 23, 2026, AND AFTER THAT DATE UNLESS THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 5 (2023) ARE AGREED TO AND PASSED BY THE 2025 LEGISLATURE AND APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2026 GENERAL ELECTION]
2. The Legislature may provide by law for the operation and regulation of lotteries, including, without limitation, authorizing lottery tickets to be sold, except that:
(b) The political subdivisions of this State shall not operate a lottery or sell lottery tickets.
(c) The operation of lotteries by persons engaged in charitable activities or activities not for profit must comply with the provisions of subsection 3.
Notes
Art. IV §25 | UNIFORM COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT
Art. IV §26 | BOARDS OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS: ELECTION AND DUTIES
Art. IV §27 | DISQUALIFICATION OF JURORS; ELECTIONS
Art. IV §28 | COMPENSATION OF LEGISLATIVE OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES; INCREASE OR DECREASE OF COMPENSATION
Art. IV §29 | DURATION OF REGULAR AND SPECIAL SESSIONS [REPEALED IN 1958]
Notes
The original section read:
“The first regular session of the Legislature under this Constitution may extend to Ninety days, but no subsequent regular session shall exceed sixty days, nor any special session convened by the Governor exceed twenty days.”]
Art. IV §30 | HOMESTEADS: EXEMPTION FROM FORCED SALE; JOINT CONSENT REQUIRED FOR ALIENATION; RECORDING OF DECLARATION
Art. IV §31 | PROPERTY OF MARRIED PERSONS
Art. IV §32 | COUNTY OFFICERS: POWER OF LEGISLATURE; ELECTION, DUTIES AND COMPENSATION; DUTIES OF COUNTY CLERKS
Art. IV §33 | COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS OF LEGISLATURE; PAYMENT FOR POSTAGE, STATIONERY AND OTHER EXPENSES; ADDITIONAL ALLOWANCES FOR OFFICERS
Art. IV §34 | ELECTION OF UNITED STATES SENATORS [REPEALED IN 2004]
Notes
The original section read:
“In all elections for United States Senators, such elections shall be held in joint convention of both Houses of the Legislature. It shall be the duty of the Legislature which convenes next preceding the expiration of the term of such Senator, to elect his successor. If a vacancy in such Senatorial representation from any cause occur, it shall be the duty of the Legislature then in Session or at the succeeding Session thereof, to supply such vacancy[.]]
If the Legislature shall at any time as herein provided, fail to unite in a joint convention within twenty days after the commencement of the Session of the Legislature for the election [of] such Senator it shall be the duty of the Governor, by proclamation to convene the two Houses of the Legislature in joint convention, within not less than five days nor exceeding ten days from the publication of his proclamation, and the joint convention when so assembled shall proceed to elect the Senator as herein provided.”
Art. IV §35 | BILLS TO BE PRESENTED TO GOVERNOR; APPROVAL; DISAPPROVAL AND RECONSIDERATION BY LEGISLATURE; FAILURE OF GOVERNOR TO RETURN BILL
Art. IV §36 | ABOLISHMENT OF COUNTY; APPROVAL OF VOTERS IN COUNTY
Art. IV §37 | CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT IN CASE OF ENEMY ATTACK; SUCCESSION TO PUBLIC OFFICES; LEGISLATIVE QUORUM REQUIREMENTS; RELOCATION OF SEAT OF GOVERNMENT
Art. IV §37A | CONSOLIDATION OF CITY AND COUNTY CONTAINING SEAT OF GOVERNMENT INTO ONE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT; SEPARATE TAXING DISTRICTS
Art. IV §38 | USE OF PLANT OF GENUS CANNABIS FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES
(b) Restriction of the medical use of the plant by a minor to require diagnosis and written authorization by a physician, parental consent, and parental control of the acquisition and use of the plant.
(c) Protection of the plant and property related to its use from forfeiture except upon conviction or plea of guilty or nolo contendere for possession or use not authorized by or pursuant to this section.
(d) A registry of patients, and their attendants, who are authorized to use the plant for a medical purpose, to which law enforcement officers may resort to verify a claim of authorization and which is otherwise confidential.
(e) Authorization of appropriate methods for supply of the plant to patients authorized to use it.
(b) Require reimbursement by an insurer for medical use of the plant or accommodation of medical use in a place of employment.
Art. IV §39 | RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES: STATEMENT OF POLICY; IMPLEMENTATION; SEVERABILITY
2. Each provider of electric utility service that is engaged in the business of selling electricity to retail customers for consumption in this State shall generate or acquire electricity from renewable energy resources, including solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, and waterpower, in an amount that is:
(b) For calendar years 2024 through 2026, inclusive, not less than 34 percent of the total amount of electricity sold by the provider to its retail customers in this State during that calendar year.
(c) For calendar years 2027 through 2029, inclusive, not less than 42 percent of the total amount of electricity sold by the provider to its retail customers in this State during that calendar year.
(d) For calendar year 2030 and each calendar year thereafter, not less than 50 percent of the total amount of electricity sold by the provider to its retail customers in this State during that calendar year.
4. Should any part of this Act be declared invalid, or the application thereof to any person, thing or circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions or application of this Act which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this Act are declared to be severable. This subsection shall be construed broadly to preserve and effectuate the declared purpose of this Act.
Article V
Executive Department
Art. V §1 | SUPREME EXECUTIVE POWER VESTED IN GOVERNOR
Art. V §2 | ELECTION AND TERM OF GOVERNOR
Art. V §3 | ELIGIBILITY; QUALIFICATIONS; NUMBER OF TERMS
Art. V §4 | RETURNS OF GENERAL ELECTION TRANSMITTED TO SECRETARY OF STATE; CANVASS BY SUPREME COURT; DECLARATION OF ELECTION
Art. V §5 | GOVERNOR IS COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF STATE MILITARY FORCES
Art. V §6 | TRANSACTION OF EXECUTIVE BUSINESS; REPORTS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Art. V §7 | RESPONSIBILITY FOR EXECUTION OF LAWS
Art. V §8 | VACANCIES FILLED BY GOVERNOR
Art. V §9 | SPECIAL SESSIONS OF LEGISLATURE: AUTHORITY OF GOVERNOR; LIMITATIONS ON BUSINESS AND DURATION; VOID ACTIONS
2. At a special session convened pursuant to this section, the Legislature shall not introduce, consider or pass any bills except those related to the business for which the Legislature has been specially convened and those necessary to provide for the expenses of the session.
3. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the Legislature shall adjourn sine die a special session convened pursuant to this section not later than midnight Pacific time at the end of the 20th consecutive calendar day of that session, inclusive of the day on which that session commences. Any legislative action taken after midnight Pacific time at the end of the 20th consecutive calendar day of that session is void. This subsection does not apply to a special session that is convened to conduct proceedings for:
(b) Expulsion from office of a member of the Legislature pursuant to Section 6 of Article 4 of this Constitution.
Art. V §10 | GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE
Art. V §11 | ADJOURNMENT OF LEGISLATURE BY GOVERNOR
Art. V §12 | PERSON HOLDING FEDERAL OFFICE INELIGIBLE FOR OFFICE OF GOVERNOR
Art. V §13 | PARDONS, REPRIEVES AND COMMUTATIONS OF SENTENCE; REMISSION OF FINES AND FORFEITURES
Art. V §14 | STATE BOARD OF PARDONS COMMISSIONERS; REMISSION OF FINES AND FORFEITURES; COMMUTATIONS AND PARDONS; SUSPENSION OF SENTENCE; PROBATION
2. The State Board of Pardons Commissioners may, upon such conditions and with such limitations and restrictions as they may think proper, remit fines and forfeitures, commute punishments, except as provided in subsection 3, and grant pardons, after convictions, in all cases, except treason and impeachments, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons.
3. Except as may be provided by law, a sentence of death or a sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of parole may not be commuted to a sentence which would allow parole.
4. The State Board of Pardons Commissioners shall meet at least quarterly.
5. Any member of the State Board of Pardons Commissioners may submit matters for consideration by the State Board of Pardons Commissioners.
6. A majority of the members of the State Board of Pardons Commissioners is sufficient for any action taken by the State Board of Pardons Commissioners.
7. The Legislature is authorized to pass laws conferring upon the district courts authority to suspend the execution of sentences, fix the conditions for, and to grant probation, and within the minimum and maximum periods authorized by law, fix the sentence to be served by the person convicted of crime in said courts.
Art. V §15 | THE GREAT SEAL
Art. V §16 | GRANTS AND COMMISSIONS: SIGNATURES AND SEAL
Art. V §17 | ELECTION, TERM, QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR; PRESIDENT OF SENATE; PRESIDENT PRO-TEMPORE OF SENATE TO ACT AS GOVERNOR IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES
Art. V §18 | VACANCY IN OFFICE OF GOVERNOR; DUTIES TO DEVOLVE UPON LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
Art. V §19 | OTHER STATE OFFICERS: ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE; ELIGIBILITY FOR OFFICE
2. Any elector shall be eligible to any of these offices, but no person may be elected to any of them more than twice, or more than once if he has previously held the office by election or appointment.
Art. V §20 | SECRETARY OF STATE: DUTIES
Art. V §21 | BOARD OF STATE PRISON COMMISSIONERS; BOARD OF EXAMINERS; EXAMINATION OF CLAIMS
Art. V §22 | DUTIES OF CERTAIN STATE OFFICERS
Article VI
Judicial Department
Art. VI §1 | JUDICIAL POWER VESTED IN COURT SYSTEM
Art. VI §2 | SUPREME COURT: COMPOSITION; STAGGERED TERMS OF JUSTICES; HOLDING OF COURT BY PANELS OF JUSTICES AND FULL COURT
2. The Legislature may provide by law:
(b) For the places of holding court by panels of justices if established, and by the full Court.
Art. VI §3 | JUSTICES OF SUPREME COURT: ELECTION; TERMS; CHIEF JUSTICE
Art. VI §3A | COURT OF APPEALS: COMPOSITION; PANEL OF JUDGES; APPOINTMENT, ELECTION AND TERMS OF JUDGES; CHIEF JUDGE; SERVICE OF JUDGES AS SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRICT JUDGES
2. After the initial terms, each judge of the court of appeals must be elected by the qualified electors of this State at the general election for a term of 6 years beginning on the first Monday of January next after the election. The initial three judges of the court of appeals must be appointed by the Governor from among three nominees selected for each individual seat by the permanent Commission on Judicial Selection described in subsection 3 of section 20 of this Article. After the expiration of 30 days from the date on which the permanent Commission on Judicial Selection has delivered to the Governor its list of nominees for the initial judges, if the Governor has not made the appointments required by this Section, the Governor shall make no other appointment to any public office until the Governor has appointed a judge from the list submitted. The term of the initial judges is 2 years beginning on the first Monday of January next after the effective date of this Section, and an initial judge may succeed himself. If there is an increase in the number of judges, each additional judge must be elected by the qualified electors of this State at the first general election following the increase for a term of 6 years beginning on the first Monday of January next after the election.
3. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall appoint one of the judges of the court of appeals to be chief judge. The chief judge serves a term of 4 years, except that the term of the initial chief judge is 2 years. The chief judge may succeed himself. The chief judge may resign the position of chief judge without resigning from the court of appeals.
4. The Supreme Court shall provide by rule for the assignment of one or more judges of the court of appeals to devote a part of their time to serve as supplemental district judges, where needed.
Art. VI §4 | JURISDICTION OF SUPREME COURT AND COURT OF APPEALS; APPOINTMENT OF JUDGE TO SIT FOR DISABLED OR DISQUALIFIED JUSTICE OR JUDGE
2. In case of the disability or disqualification, for any cause, of a justice of the Supreme Court, the Governor may designate a judge of the court of appeals or a district judge to sit in the place of the disqualified or disabled justice. The judge designated by the Governor is entitled to receive his actual expense of travel and otherwise while sitting in the Supreme Court.
3. In the case of the disability or disqualification, for any cause, of a judge of the court of appeals, the Governor may designate a district judge to sit in the place of the disabled or disqualified judge. The judge whom the Governor designates is entitled to receive his actual expense of travel and otherwise while sitting in the court of appeals.
Art. VI §5 | JUDICIAL DISTRICTS; ELECTION AND TERMS OF DISTRICT JUDGES
The County of Ormsby the Second;
the County of Lyon the Third;
The County of Washoe the Fourth;
The Counties of Nye and Churchill the Fifth;
The County of Humboldt the Sixth;
The County of Lander the Seventh;
The County of Douglas the Eighth; and
the County of Esmeralda the Ninth.
Art. VI §6 | DISTRICT COURTS: JURISDICTION; REFEREES; FAMILY COURT
2. The legislature may provide by law for:
(b) The establishment of a family court as a division of any district court and may prescribe its jurisdiction.
Art. VI §7 | TERMS OF COURTS
Art. VI §8 | NUMBER, QUALIFICATIONS, TERMS OF OFFICE AND JURISDICTION OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE; APPEALS; COURTS OF RECORD
2. The provisions of this section affecting the number, qualifications, terms of office and jurisdiction of justices of the peace become effective on the first Monday of January, 1979.
3. The Legislature shall also prescribe by law the manner, and determine the cases, in which appeals may be taken from justices and other courts. The Supreme Court, the court of appeals, the district courts and such other courts as the Legislature designates are courts of record.
Art. VI §9 | MUNICIPAL COURTS
Art. VI §10 | FEES OR PERQUISITES OF JUDICIAL OFFICERS
Art. VI §11 | JUSTICES AND JUDGES INELIGIBLE FOR OTHER OFFICES
Art. VI §12 | JUDGE NOT TO CHARGE JURY RESPECTING MATTERS OF FACT; STATEMENT OF TESTIMONY AND DECLARATION OF LAW
Art. VI §13 | STYLE OF PROCESS
Art. VI §14 | ONE FORM OF CIVIL ACTION
Art. VI §15 | COMPENSATION OF JUSTICES AND JUDGES
Art. VI §16 | SPECIAL FEE IN CIVIL ACTION FOR COMPENSATION OF JUDGES
Art. VI §17 | ABSENCE OF JUDICIAL OFFICER FROM STATE; VACATION OF OFFICE
Art. VI §18 | TERRITORIAL JUDICIAL OFFICERS NOT SUPERSEDED UNTIL ELECTION AND QUALIFICATION OF SUCCESSORS
Art. VI §19 | ADMINISTRATION OF COURT SYSTEM BY CHIEF JUSTICE
(b) Assign district judges to assist in other judicial districts or to specialized functions which may be established by law.
(c) Recall to active service any retired justice or judge of the court system who consents to such recall and who has not been removed or retired for cause or defeated for retention in office, and may assign him to appropriate temporary duty within the court system.
3. This section becomes effective July 1, 1977.
Art. VI §20 | FILLING OF VACANCIES OCCURRING BEFORE EXPIRATION OF TERM OF OFFICE IN SUPREME COURT OR COURT OF APPEALS OR AMONG DISTRICT JUDGES; COMMISSION ON JUDICIAL SELECTION
2. The term of office of any justice or judge so appointed expires on the first Monday of January following the next general election.
3. Each nomination for the Supreme Court or the court of appeals must be made by the permanent Commission, composed of:
(b) Three members of the State Bar of Nevada, a public corporation created by statute, appointed by its Board of Governors; and
(c) Three persons, not members of the legal profession, appointed by the Governor.
(b) A member of the State Bar of Nevada resident in the judicial district in which the vacancy occurs, appointed by the Board of Governors of the State Bar of Nevada; and
(c) A resident of such judicial district, not a member of the legal profession, appointed by the Governor.
6. The term of office of each appointive member of the permanent Commission, except the first members, is 4 years. Each appointing authority shall appoint one of the members first appointed for a term of 2 years. If a vacancy occurs, the appointing authority shall fill the vacancy for the unexpired term. The additional members of a temporary commission must be appointed when a vacancy occurs, and their terms expire when the nominations for such vacancy have been transmitted to the Governor.
7. An appointing authority shall not appoint to the permanent Commission more than:
(b) Two members of the same political party.
8. After the expiration of 30 days from the date on which the Commission on Judicial Selection has delivered to him its list of nominees for any vacancy, if the Governor has not made the appointment required by this Section, he shall make no other appointment to any public office until he has appointed a justice or judge from the list submitted.
Art. VI §21 | COMMISSION ON JUDICIAL DISCIPLINE; CODE OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT
2. The Commission is composed of:
(b) Two members of the State Bar of Nevada, a public corporation created by statute, appointed by its Board of Governors; and
(c) Three persons, not members of the legal profession, appointed by the Governor.
3. If at any time the State Bar of Nevada ceases to exist as a public corporation or ceases to include all attorneys admitted to practice before the courts of this State, the Legislature shall provide by law, or if it fails to do so the Supreme Court shall provide by rule, for the appointment of attorneys at law to the positions designated in this Section to be occupied by members of the State Bar of Nevada.
4. The term of office of each appointive member of the Commission, except the first members, is 4 years. Each appointing authority shall appoint one of the members first appointed for a term of 2 years. If a vacancy occurs, the appointing authority shall fill the vacancy for the unexpired term. An appointing authority shall not appoint more than one resident of any county. The Governor shall not appoint more than two members of the same political party. No member may be a member of a commission on judicial selection.
5. The Legislature shall establish:
(b) The grounds for censure and other disciplinary action that the Commission may impose, including, but not limited to, violations of the provisions of the Code of Judicial Conduct;
(c) The standards for the investigation of matters relating to the fitness of a justice or judge; and
(d) The confidentiality or nonconfidentiality, as appropriate, of proceedings before the Commission, except that, in any event, a decision to censure, retire or remove a justice or judge must be made public.
7. The Commission shall adopt rules of procedure for the conduct of its hearings and any other procedural rules it deems necessary to carry out its duties.
8. No justice or judge may by virtue of this Section be:
(b) Retired except for advanced age which interferes with the proper performance of his judicial duties, or for mental or physical disability which prevents the proper performance of his judicial duties and which is likely to be permanent in nature.
10. If a proceeding is brought against a justice of the Supreme Court, no justice of the Supreme Court may sit on the Commission for that proceeding. If a proceeding is brought against a judge of the court of appeals, no judge of the court of appeals may sit on the Commission for that proceeding. If a proceeding is brought against a district judge, no district judge from the same judicial district may sit on the Commission for that proceeding. If a proceeding is brought against a justice of the peace, no justice of the peace from the same township may sit on the Commission for that proceeding. If a proceeding is brought against a municipal judge, no municipal judge from the same city may sit on the Commission for that proceeding. If an appeal is taken from an action of the Commission to the Supreme Court, any justice who sat on the Commission for that proceeding is disqualified from participating in the consideration or decision of the appeal. When any member of the Commission is disqualified by this subsection, the Supreme Court shall appoint a substitute from among the eligible judges.
11. The Commission may:
(b) Summon witnesses to appear and testify under oath and compel the production of books, papers, documents and records;
(c) Grant immunity from prosecution or punishment when the Commission deems it necessary and proper in order to compel the giving of testimony under oath and the production of books, papers, documents and records; and
(d) Exercise such further powers as the Legislature may from time to time confer upon it.
Article VII
Impeachment and Removal From Office
Art. VII §1 | IMPEACHMENT: TRIAL; CONVICTION
Art. VII §2 | OFFICERS SUBJECT TO IMPEACHMENT
Art. VII §3 | REMOVAL OF JUSTICES OF SUPREME COURT, JUDGES OF COURT OF APPEALS AND JUDGES OF DISTRICT COURTS
Art. VII §4 | REMOVAL OF OTHER CIVIL OFFICERS
Article VIII
Municipal and Other Corporations
Art. VIII §1 | CORPORATIONS FORMED UNDER GENERAL LAWS; MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS FORMED UNDER SPECIAL ACTS
Art. VIII §2 | CORPORATE PROPERTY SUBJECT TO TAXATION; EXEMPTIONS
Art. VIII §3 | INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATORS
Art. VIII §4 | REGULATION OF CORPORATIONS INCORPORATED UNDER TERRITORIAL LAW
Art. VIII §5 | CORPORATIONS MAY SUE AND BE SUED
Art. VIII §6 | CIRCULATION OF CERTAIN BANK NOTES OR PAPER AS MONEY PROHIBITED
Art. VIII §7 | EMINENT DOMAIN BY CORPORATIONS
Art. VIII §8 | MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS FORMED UNDER GENERAL LAWS
Art. VIII §9 | GIFTS OR LOANS OF PUBLIC MONEY TO CERTAIN CORPORATIONS PROHIBITED
Art. VIII §10 | LOANS OF PUBLIC MONEY TO OR OWNERSHIP OF STOCK IN CERTAIN CORPORATIONS BY COUNTY OR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION PROHIBITED
Article IX
Finance and State Debt
Art. IX §1 | FISCAL YEAR
Art. IX §2 | ANNUAL TAX FOR STATE EXPENSES; TRUST FUNDS FOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS, OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM; ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM
2. Any money paid for the purpose of providing compensation for industrial accidents and occupational diseases, and for administrative expenses incidental thereto, and for the purpose of funding and administering a public employees’ retirement system, must be segregated in proper accounts in the state treasury, and such money must never be used for any other purposes, and they are hereby declared to be trust funds for the uses and purposes herein specified.
3. Any money paid for the purpose of funding and administering a public employees’ retirement system must not be loaned to the state or invested to purchase any obligations of the state.
4. The public employees’ retirement system must be governed by a public employees’ retirement board. The board shall employ an executive officer who serves at the pleasure of the board. In addition to any other employees authorized by the board, the board shall employ an independent actuary. The board shall adopt actuarial assumptions based upon the recommendations made by the independent actuary it employs.
Art. IX §3 | STATE INDEBTEDNESS: LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS
The State, notwithstanding the foregoing limitations, may, pursuant to authority of the Legislature, make and enter into any and all contracts necessary, expedient or advisable for the protection and preservation of any of its property or natural resources, or for the purposes of obtaining the benefits thereof, however arising and whether arising by or through any undertaking or project of the United States or by or through any treaty or compact between the states, or otherwise. The Legislature may from time to time make such appropriations as may be necessary to carry out the obligations of the State under such contracts, and shall levy such tax as may be necessary to pay the same or carry them into effect.
Art. IX §4 | ASSUMPTION OF DEBTS OF COUNTY, CITY OR CORPORATION BY STATE
Art. IX §5 | PROCEEDS FROM FEES FOR LICENSING AND REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND EXCISE TAXES ON FUEL RESERVED FOR CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF PUBLIC HIGHWAYS; EXCEPTION
Article X
Taxation
Art. X §1 | UNIFORM AND EQUAL RATE OF ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION; VALUATION OF PROPERTY; EXCEPTIONS AND EXEMPTIONS; INHERITANCE AND PERSONAL INCOME TAXES PROHIBITED
2. Shares of stock, bonds, mortgages, notes, bank deposits, book accounts and credits, and securities and choses in action of like character are deemed to represent interest in property already assessed and taxed, either in Nevada or elsewhere, and shall be exempt.
3. The Legislature may constitute agricultural and open-space real property having a greater value for another use than that for which it is being used, as a separate class for taxation purposes and may provide a separate uniform plan for appraisal and valuation of such property for assessment purposes. If such plan is provided, the Legislature shall also provide for retroactive assessment for a period of not less than 7 years when agricultural and open-space real property is converted to a higher use conforming to the use for which other nearby property is used.
4. Personal property which is moving in interstate commerce through or over the territory of the State of Nevada, or which was consigned to a warehouse, public or private, within the State of Nevada from outside the State of Nevada for storage in transit to a final destination outside the State of Nevada, whether specified when transportation begins or afterward, shall be deemed to have acquired no situs in Nevada for purposes of taxation and shall be exempt from taxation. Such property shall not be deprived of such exemption because while in the warehouse the property is assembled, bound, joined, processed, disassembled, divided, cut, broken in bulk, relabeled or repackaged.
5. The Legislature may exempt motor vehicles from the provisions of the tax required by this Section, and in lieu thereof, if such exemption is granted, shall provide for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation of motor vehicles, which rate shall not exceed five cents on one dollar of assessed valuation.
6. The Legislature shall provide by law for a progressive reduction in the tax upon business inventories by 20 percent in each year following the adoption of this provision, and after the expiration of the 4th year such inventories are exempt from taxation. The Legislature may exempt any other personal property, including livestock.
7. No inheritance tax shall ever be levied.
8. The Legislature may exempt by law property used for municipal, educational, literary, scientific or other charitable purposes, or to encourage the conservation of energy or the substitution of other sources for fossil sources of energy.
9. No income tax shall be levied upon the wages or personal income of natural persons. Notwithstanding the foregoing provision, and except as otherwise provided in subsection 1 of this Section, taxes may be levied upon the income or revenue of any business in whatever form it may be conducted for profit in the State.
10. The Legislature may provide by law for an abatement of the tax upon or an exemption of part of the assessed value of a single-family residence occupied by the owner to the extent necessary to avoid severe economic hardship to the owner of the residence.
Art. X §2 | TOTAL TAX LEVY FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES LIMITED
Art. X §3 | HOUSEHOLD GOODS AND FURNITURE OF SINGLE HOUSEHOLD EXEMPT FROM TAXATION
Art. X §3A | FOOD EXEMPT FROM TAXES ON RETAIL SALES; EXCEPTIONS
2. These commodities to be excluded from any such exemption:
(b) Alcoholic beverages.
Art. X §3B | DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, OXYGEN DELIVERY EQUIPMENT AND MOBILITY ENHANCING EQUIPMENT EXEMPT FROM TAXES ON RETAIL SALES
Art. X §4 | TAXATION OF ESTATES TAXED BY UNITED STATES; LIMITATIONS
2. Accept payment of the tax in installments proportionate to any which may be permitted under federal law.
3. Impose no penalty for such a deferred payment.
4. Not charge interest on a deferred or belated payment at any rate higher than may be provided in similar circumstances by federal law.
Art. X §5 | TAX ON PROCEEDS OF MINERALS; APPROPRIATION TO COUNTIES; APPORTIONMENT; ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION OF MINES
2. The legislature shall appropriate to each county that sum which would be produced by levying a tax upon the entire amount of the net proceeds taxed in each taxing district in the county at the rate levied in that district upon the assessed valuation of real property. The total amount so appropriated to each county must be apportioned among the respective governmental units and districts within it, including the county itself and the school district, in the same proportion as they share in the total taxes collected on property according to value.
3. Each patented mine or mining claim must be assessed and taxed as other real property is assessed and taxed, except that no value may be attributed to any mineral known or believed to underlie it, and no value may be attributed to the surface of a mine or claim if one hundred dollars’ worth of labor has been actually performed on the mine or claim during the year preceding the assessment.
Art. X §6 | ENACTMENT OF EXEMPTION FROM AD VALOREM TAX ON PROPERTY OR EXCISE TAX ON RETAIL SALES
(b) Will not impair adversely the ability of the State or a local government to pay, when due, all interest and principal on any outstanding bonds or any other obligations for which revenue from the tax from which the exemption would be granted was pledged.
(b) Provide a specific date on which the exemption will cease to be effective.
Article XI
Education
Art. XI §1 | LEGISLATURE TO ENCOURAGE EDUCATION; APPOINTMENT, TERM AND DUTIES OF SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
Art. XI §2 | UNIFORM SYSTEM OF COMMON SCHOOLS
Art. XI §3 | PLEDGE OF CERTAIN PROPERTY AND MONEY, ESCHEATED ESTATES AND FINES COLLECTED UNDER PENAL LAWS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES; APPORTIONMENT AND USE OF INTEREST
Art. XI §4 | ESTABLISHMENT AND GOVERNANCE OF STATE UNIVERSITY; BIENNIAL AUDITING OF STATE UNIVERSITY AND OTHER PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 26, 2024, IF THE PROVISIONS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO 7 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. XI §4 | ESTABLISHMENT OF STATE UNIVERSITY; CONTROL BY BOARD OF REGENTS [EFFECTIVE THROUGH NOVEMBER 25, 2024, AND AFTER THAT DATE UNLESS THE PROVISIONS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO 7 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
2. The Legislature shall provide by law for biennial auditing of the State University and any other public institutions of higher education established by the Legislature in this State.
Art. XI §5 | ESTABLISHMENT OF NORMAL SCHOOLS AND GRADES OF SCHOOLS; OATH OF TEACHERS AND PROFESSORS
Art. XI §6 | SUPPORT OF UNIVERSITY AND COMMON SCHOOLS BY DIRECT LEGISLATIVE APPROPRIATION; PRIORITY OF APPROPRIATIONS
2. During a regular session of the Legislature, before any other appropriation is enacted to fund a portion of the state budget for the next ensuing biennium, the Legislature shall enact one or more appropriations to provide the money the Legislature deems to be sufficient, when combined with the local money reasonably available for this purpose, to fund the operation of the public schools in the State for kindergarten through grade 12 for the next ensuing biennium for the population reasonably estimated for that biennium.
3. During a special session of the Legislature that is held between the end of a regular session in which the Legislature has not enacted the appropriation or appropriations required by subsection 2 to fund education for the next ensuing biennium and the first day of that next ensuing biennium, before any other appropriation is enacted other than appropriations required to pay the cost of that special session, the Legislature shall enact one or more appropriations to provide the money the Legislature deems to be sufficient, when combined with the local money reasonably available for this purpose, to fund the operation of the public schools in the State for kindergarten through grade 12 for the next ensuing biennium for the population reasonably estimated for that biennium.
4. During a special session of the Legislature that is held in a biennium for which the Legislature has not enacted the appropriation or appropriations required by subsection 2 to fund education for the biennium in which the special session is being held, before any other appropriation is enacted other than appropriations required to pay the cost of that special session, the Legislature shall enact one or more appropriations to provide the money the Legislature deems to be sufficient, when combined with the local money reasonably available for this purpose, to fund the operation of the public schools in the State for kindergarten through grade 12 for the population reasonably estimated for the biennium in which the special session is held.
5. Any appropriation of money enacted in violation of subsection 2, 3 or 4 is void.
6. As used in this section, “biennium” means a period of two fiscal years beginning on July 1 of an odd-numbered year and ending on June 30 of the next ensuing odd-numbered year.
Art. XI §7 | BOARD OF REGENTS: ELECTION AND DUTIES REPEALED (SEE FILE NO 26, STATUTES OF NEVADA 2021, AT PAGE 4014; FILE NO 23, STATUTES OF NEVADA 2023, AT PAGE 3738) [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 26, 2024, IF THE PROVISIONS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO 7 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. XI §7 | BOARD OF REGENTS: ELECTION AND DUTIES [EFFECTIVE THROUGH NOVEMBER 25, 2024, AND AFTER THAT DATE UNLESS THE PROVISIONS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO 7 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. XI §8 | USE OF PROCEEDS FROM PUBLIC LANDS DONATED BY ACT OF CONGRESS FOR BENEFIT OF CERTAIN DEPARTMENTS OF STATE UNIVERSITY [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 26, 2024, IF THE PROVISIONS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO 7 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. XI §8 | IMMEDIATE ORGANIZATION AND MAINTENANCE OF STATE UNIVERSITY [EFFECTIVE THROUGH NOVEMBER 25, 2024, AND AFTER THAT DATE UNLESS THE PROVISIONS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO 7 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. XI §9 | SECTARIAN INSTRUCTION PROHIBITED IN COMMON SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITY
Art. XI §10 | NO PUBLIC MONEY TO BE USED FOR SECTARIAN PURPOSES
Article XII
Militia
Art. XII §1 | LEGISLATURE TO PROVIDE FOR MILITIA
Art. XII §2 | POWER OF GOVERNOR TO CALL OUT MILITIA
Article XIII
Public Institutions
Art. XIII §1 | INSTITUTIONS FOR INSANE, BLIND, DEAF AND DUMB TO BE FOSTERED AND SUPPORTED BY STATE [EFFECTIVE THROUGH NOVEMBER 25, 2024, AND AFTER THAT DATE UNLESS THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 1 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. XIII §1 | ENTITIES FOR BENEFIT OF PERSONS WITH CERTAIN CONDITIONS; AND OTHER BENEVOLENT ENTITIES TO BE FOSTERED AND SUPPORTED BY THE STATE [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 26, 2024, IF THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 1 (2021) ARE APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION]
Art. XIII §2 | STATE PRISON: ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE; JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Art. XIII §3 | COUNTY PUBLIC WELFARE [REPEALED IN 1937]
Notes
The original section read:
“The respective counties of the State shall provide as may be prescribed by law, for those inhabitants who, by reason of age and infirmity or misfortunes, may have claim upon the sympathy and aid of Society.”]
Article XIV
Boundary
Art. XIV §1 | BOUNDARY OF THE STATE OF NEVADA
Commencing at a point formed by the intersection of the forty-third degree of longitude West from Washington with the forty-second degree of North latitude; thence due East along the forty-second degree of North latitude to its intersection with the thirty-seventh degree of longitude West from Washington; thence South on the thirty-seventh degree of longitude West from Washington to its intersection with the middle line of the Colorado River of the West; thence down the middle line of the Colorado River of the West to its intersection with the Eastern boundary of the State of California; thence in a North Westerly direction along the Eastern boundary line of the State of California to the forty-third degree of Longitude West from Washington; Thence North along the forty-third degree of West Longitude, and the Eastern boundary line of the State of California to the place of beginning. All territory lying West of and adjoining the boundary line herein prescribed, which the State of California may relinquish to the Territory or State of Nevada, shall thereupon be embraced within and constitute a part of this State.
Article XV
Miscellaneous Provisions
Art. XV §1 | CARSON CITY SEAT OF GOVERNMENT
Art. XV §2 | OATH OF OFFICE
I, ________________, do solemly [solemnly] swear (or affirm) that I will support, protect and defend the constitution and government of the United States, and the constitution and government of the State of Nevada, against all enemies, whether domestic or foreign, and that I will bear true faith, allegiance and loyalty to the same, any ordinance, resolution or law of any state notwithstanding, and that I will well and faithfully perform all the duties of the office of ________________, on which I am about to enter; (if an oath) so help me God; (if an affirmation) under the pains and penalties of perjury.
Art. XV §3 | ELIGIBILITY FOR PUBLIC OFFICE
2. No person may be elected to any state office or local governing body who has served in that office, or at the expiration of his current term if he is so serving will have served, 12 years or more, unless the permissible number of terms or duration of service is otherwise specified in this Constitution.
Art. XV §4 | PERPETUITIES; ELEEMOSYNARY PURPOSES
Art. XV §5 | TIME OF GENERAL ELECTION
Art. XV §6 | NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF LEGISLATURE LIMITED
Art. XV §7 | COUNTY OFFICES AT COUNTY SEATS
Art. XV §8 | PUBLICATION OF GENERAL STATUTES; PUBLICATION AND EFFECTIVE DATE OF DECISIONS OF SUPREME COURT AND COURT OF APPEALS
Art. XV §9 | INCREASE OR DECREASE OF COMPENSATION OF OFFICERS WHOSE COMPENSATION FIXED BY CONSTITUTION
Art. XV §10 | ELECTION OR APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS
Art. XV §11 | TERM OF OFFICE WHEN NOT FIXED BY CONSTITUTION; LIMITATION; MUNICIPAL OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES
Art. XV §12 | CERTAIN STATE OFFICERS TO KEEP OFFICES AT CARSON CITY
Art. XV §13 | CENSUS BY LEGISLATURE AND CONGRESS: BASIS OF REPRESENTATION IN HOUSES OF LEGISLATURE
Art. XV §14 | ELECTION BY PLURALITY
Art. XV §14A | NATIONAL POPULAR VOTE COMPACT: ENACTMENT [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 24, 2026, IF THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 6 (2023) ARE AGREED TO AND PASSED BY THE 2025 LEGISLATURE AND APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2026 GENERAL ELECTION]
1. Membership
Any State of the United States and the District of Columbia may become a member of this compact by enacting this compact.2. Right of the People in Member States to Vote for President and Vice President
Each member state shall conduct a statewide popular election for President and Vice President of the United States.3. Manner of Appointing Presidential Electors in Member States
Prior to the time set by law for the meeting and voting by the presidential electors, the chief election official of each member state shall determine the number of votes for each presidential slate in each State of the United States and in the District of Columbia in which votes have been cast in a statewide popular election and shall add such votes together to produce a “national popular vote total” for each presidential slate.The chief election official of each member state shall designate the presidential slate with the largest national popular vote total as the “national popular vote winner.”
The presidential elector certifying official of each member state shall certify the appointment in that official’s own state of the elector slate nominated in that state in association with the national popular vote winner.
At least six days before the day fixed by law for the meeting and voting by the presidential electors, each member state shall make a final determination of the number of popular votes cast in the state for each presidential slate and shall communicate an official statement of such determination within 24 hours to the chief election official of each other member state.
The chief election official of each member state shall treat as conclusive an official statement containing the number of popular votes in a state for each presidential slate made by the day established by federal law for making a state’s final determination conclusive as to the counting of electoral votes by Congress.
In event of a tie for the national popular vote winner, the presidential elector certifying official of each member state shall certify the appointment of the elector slate nominated in association with the presidential slate receiving the largest number of popular votes within that official’s own state.
If, for any reason, the number of presidential electors nominated in a member state in association with the national popular vote winner is less than or greater than that state’s number of electoral votes, the presidential candidate on the presidential slate that has been designated as the national popular vote winner shall have the power to nominate the presidential electors for that state and that state’s presidential elector certifying official shall certify the appointment of such nominees.
The chief election official of each member state shall immediately release to the public all vote counts or statements of votes as they are determined or obtained.
This article shall govern the appointment of presidential electors in each member state in any year in which this compact is, on July 20, in effect in states cumulatively possessing a majority of the electoral votes.
4. Other Provisions
This compact shall take effect when states cumulatively possessing a majority of the electoral votes have enacted this compact in substantially the same form and the enactments by such states have taken effect in each state.Any member state may withdraw from this compact, except that a withdrawal occurring six months or less before the end of a President’s term shall not become effective until a President or Vice President shall have been qualified to serve the next term.
The chief executive of each member state shall promptly notify the chief executive of all other states of when this compact has been enacted and has taken effect in that official’s state, when the state has withdrawn from this compact, and when this compact takes effect generally.
This compact shall terminate if the electoral college is abolished.
If any provision of this compact is held invalid, the remaining provisions shall not be affected.
5. Definitions
For purposes of this compact,“elector slate” shall mean a slate of candidates who have been nominated in a state for the position of presidential elector in association with a presidential slate;
“chief election official” shall mean the state official or body that is authorized to certify the total number of popular votes for each presidential slate;
“presidential elector” shall mean an elector for President and Vice President of the United States;
“presidential elector certifying official” shall mean the state official or body that is authorized to certify the appointment of the state’s presidential electors;
“presidential slate” shall mean a slate of two persons, the first of whom has been nominated as a candidate for President of the United States and the second of whom has been nominated as a candidate for Vice President of the United States, or any legal successors to such persons, regardless of whether both names appear on the ballot presented to the voter in a particular state;
“state” shall mean a State of the United States and the District of Columbia; and
“statewide popular election” shall mean a general election in which votes are cast for presidential slates by individual voters and counted on a statewide basis.
Art. XV §14B | NATIONAL POPULAR VOTE COMPACT: PROCEDURE FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION; WITHDRAWAL [EFFECTIVE NOVEMBER 24, 2026, IF THE PROVISIONS OF ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO 6 (2023) ARE AGREED TO AND PASSED BY THE 2025 LEGISLATURE AND APPROVED AND RATIFIED BY THE VOTERS AT THE 2026 GENERAL ELECTION]
2. The State of Nevada may withdraw from the National Popular Vote Compact by statute, and may rejoin by subsequent statute, subject to the provisions of subsection 4 of Section 14A of this Article.
Art. XV §15 | MERIT SYSTEM GOVERNING EMPLOYMENT IN EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF STATE GOVERNMENT
Art. XV §16 | PAYMENT OF MINIMUM COMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES
2. If, at any time, the amount of the federal minimum wage is greater than twelve dollars ($12) per hour worked, each employer must pay a wage to each employee of not less than the hourly rate established for the federal minimum wage.
3. The Legislature may establish by law a minimum wage that an employer must pay to each employee that is greater than the hourly rate required by this section.
4. Tips or gratuities received by employees shall not be credited as being any part of or offset against the wage rates required by this section.
5. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the provisions of this section may not be waived by agreement between an employee and his or her employer. All of the provisions of this section, or any part hereof, may be waived in a bona fide collective bargaining agreement, but only if the waiver is explicitly set forth in such agreement in clear and unambiguous terms. Unilateral implementation of terms and conditions of employment by either party to a collective bargaining relationship shall not constitute, or be permitted, as a waiver of all or any part of the provisions of this section.
6. An employer shall not, in any manner, discharge, reduce the compensation of or otherwise discriminate against any employee for using any civil remedies to enforce this section or otherwise asserting his or her rights under this section.
7. An employee claiming violation of this section is entitled to bring an action against his or her employer in the courts of this State to enforce the provisions of this section and shall be entitled to all remedies available under the law or in equity appropriate to remedy any violation of this section, including but not limited to back pay, damages, reinstatement or injunctive relief. An employee who prevails in any action to enforce this section shall be awarded his or her reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
8. As used in this section:
(b) “Employer” means any individual, proprietorship, partnership, joint venture, corporation, limited liability company, trust, association, or other entity that may employ individuals or enter into contracts of employment.
Article XVI
Amendments
Art. XVI §1 | CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS: PROCEDURE; CONCURRENT AND CONSECUTIVE AMENDMENTS
2. If, two or more amendments which affect the same section of the constitution are ratified by the people pursuant to this section at the same election:
(b) If one or more contradict in substance the other or others, that amendment which received the largest favorable vote, and any other ratified amendment or amendments compatible with it, shall become a part of the constitution.
Art. XVI §2 | CONVENTION FOR REVISION OF CONSTITUTION: PROCEDURE
Article XVII
Schedule
Art. XVII §1 | SAVING EXISTING RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES
Art. XVII §2 | TERRITORIAL LAWS TO REMAIN IN FORCE
Art. XVII §3 | FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEITURES TO INURE TO STATE
Art. XVII §4 | EXISTING OBLIGATIONS AND PENDING SUITS
Art. XVII §5 | SALARIES OF STATE OFFICERS FOR FIRST TERM OF OFFICE
Art. XVII §6 | APPORTIONMENT OF SENATORS AND MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY
Art. XVII §7 | ASSUMPTION OF TERRITORIAL DEBTS AND LIABILITIES
Art. XVII §8 | TERMS OF ELECTED STATE OFFICERS
Art. XVII §9 | TERMS OF SENATORS
Art. XVII §10 | TERMS OF SENATORS AND MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY AFTER 1866
Art. XVII §11 | TERMS OF MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY ELECTED AT FIRST GENERAL ELECTION OR IN 1865
Art. XVII §12 | COMMENCEMENT DATE OF FIRST THREE LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS; REGULAR SESSIONS OF LEGISLATURE TO BE HELD BIENNIALLY
Art. XVII §13 | CONTINUATION OF TERRITORIAL COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP OFFICERS; PROBATE JUDGES
Art. XVII §14 | DUTIES OF CERTAIN TERRITORIAL OFFICERS CONTINUED
Art. XVII §15 | TERMS OF SUPREME COURT AND DISTRICT COURTS
Art. XVII §16 | SALARIES OF DISTRICT JUDGES
Art. XVII §17 | ALTERATION OF SALARY OF DISTRICT JUDGE AUTHORIZED
Art. XVII §18 | QUALIFICATION AND TERMS OF CERTAIN ELECTIVE STATE OFFICERS
Art. XVII §19 | WHEN JUSTICES OF SUPREME COURT AND DISTRICT JUDGES ENTER UPON DUTIES
Art. XVII §20 | STATE OFFICERS AND DISTRICT JUDGES TO BE COMMISSIONED BY TERRITORIAL GOVERNOR; STATE CONTROLLER AND TREASURER TO FURNISH BONDS
Art. XVII §21 | SUPPORT OF COUNTY AND CITY OFFICERS
Art. XVII §22 | VACANCIES IN CERTAIN STATE OFFICES: HOW FILLED
Art. XVII §23 | CIVIL AND CRIMINAL CASES PENDING IN PROBATE COURTS TRANSFERRED TO DISTRICT COURTS
Art. XVII §24 | LEVY OF TAX LIMITED FOR 3 YEARS
Art. XVII §25 | ROOP COUNTY ATTACHED TO WASHOE COUNTY
Art. XVII §26 | CONSTITUTIONAL DEBATES AND PROCEEDINGS: PUBLICATION; PAYMENT OF REPORTER
Article XVIII
Right of Suffrage (Repealed in 1992)
Art. XVIII §0 | RIGHTS OF SUFFRAGE AND OFFICEHOLDING [REPEALED IN 1992]
Article XIX
Initiative and Referendum
Art. XIX §1 | REFERENDUM FOR APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL OF STATUTE OR RESOLUTION ENACTED BY LEGISLATURE
2. Whenever a number of registered voters of this state equal to 10 percent or more of the number of voters who voted at the last preceding general election shall express their wish by filing with the secretary of state, not less than 120 days before the next general election, a petition in the form provided for in Section 3 of this Article that any statute or resolution or any part thereof enacted by the legislature be submitted to a vote of the people, the officers charged with the duties of announcing and proclaiming elections and of certifying nominations or questions to be voted upon shall submit the question of approval or disapproval of such statute or resolution or any part thereof to a vote of the voters at the next succeeding election at which such question may be voted upon by the registered voters of the entire State. The circulation of the petition shall cease on the day the petition is filed with the secretary of state or such other date as may be prescribed for the verification of the number of signatures affixed to the petition, whichever is earliest.
3. If a majority of the voters voting upon the proposal submitted at such election votes approval of such statute or resolution or any part thereof, such statute or resolution or any part thereof shall stand as the law of the state and shall not be amended, annulled, repealed, set aside, suspended or in any way made inoperative except by the direct vote of the people. If a majority of such voters votes disapproval of such statute or resolution or any part thereof, such statute or resolution or any part thereof shall be void and of no effect.
Art. XIX §2 | INITIATIVE PETITION FOR ENACTMENT OR AMENDMENT OF STATUTE OR AMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION; CONCURRENT AND CONSECUTIVE AMENDMENTS
2. An initiative petition shall be in the form required by Section 3 of this Article and shall be proposed by a number of registered voters equal to 10 percent or more of the number of voters who voted at the last preceding general election in not less than 75 percent of the counties in the State, but the total number of registered voters signing the initiative petition shall be equal to 10 percent or more of the voters who voted in the entire State at the last preceding general election.
3. If the initiative petition proposes a statute or an amendment to a statute, the person who intends to circulate it shall file a copy with the Secretary of State before beginning circulation and not earlier than January 1 of the year preceding the year in which a regular session of the Legislature is held. After its circulation, it shall be filed with the Secretary of State not less than 30 days prior to any regular session of the Legislature. The circulation of the petition shall cease on the day the petition is filed with the Secretary of State or such other date as may be prescribed for the verification of the number of signatures affixed to the petition, whichever is earliest. The Secretary of State shall transmit such petition to the Legislature as soon as the Legislature convenes and organizes. The petition shall take precedence over all other measures except appropriation bills, and the statute or amendment to a statute proposed thereby shall be enacted or rejected by the Legislature without change or amendment within 40 days. If the proposed statute or amendment to a statute is enacted by the Legislature and approved by the Governor in the same manner as other statutes are enacted, such statute or amendment to a statute shall become law, but shall be subject to referendum petition as provided in Section 1 of this Article. If the statute or amendment to a statute is rejected by the Legislature, or if no action is taken thereon within 40 days, the Secretary of State shall submit the question of approval or disapproval of such statute or amendment to a statute to a vote of the voters at the next succeeding general election. If a majority of the voters voting on such question at such election votes approval of such statute or amendment to a statute, it shall become law and take effect upon completion of the canvass of votes by the Supreme Court. An initiative measure so approved by the voters shall not be amended, annulled, repealed, set aside or suspended by the Legislature within 3 years from the date it takes effect. If a majority of such voters votes disapproval of such statute or amendment to a statute, no further action shall be taken on such petition. If the Legislature rejects such proposed statute or amendment, the Governor may recommend to the Legislature and the Legislature may propose a different measure on the same subject, in which event, after such different measure has been approved by the Governor, the question of approval or disapproval of each measure shall be submitted by the Secretary of State to a vote of the voters at the next succeeding general election. If the conflicting provisions submitted to the voters are both approved by a majority of the voters voting on such measures, the measure which receives the largest number of affirmative votes shall thereupon become law. If at the session of the Legislature to which an initiative petition proposing an amendment to a statute is presented which the Legislature rejects or upon which it takes no action, the Legislature amends the statute which the petition proposes to amend in a respect which does not conflict in substance with the proposed amendment, the Secretary of State in submitting the statute to the voters for approval or disapproval of the proposed amendment shall include the amendment made by the Legislature.
4. If the initiative petition proposes an amendment to the Constitution, the person who intends to circulate it shall file a copy with the Secretary of State before beginning circulation and not earlier than September 1 of the year before the year in which the election is to be held. After its circulation it shall be filed with the Secretary of State not less than 90 days before any regular general election at which the question of approval or disapproval of such amendment may be voted upon by the voters of the entire State. The circulation of the petition shall cease on the day the petition is filed with the Secretary of State or such other date as may be prescribed for the verification of the number of signatures affixed to the petition, whichever is earliest. The Secretary of State shall cause to be published in a newspaper of general circulation, on three separate occasions, in each county in the State, together with any explanatory matter which shall be placed upon the ballot, the entire text of the proposed amendment. If a majority of the voters voting on such question at such election votes disapproval of such amendment, no further action shall be taken on the petition. If a majority of such voters votes approval of such amendment, the Secretary of State shall publish and resubmit the question of approval or disapproval to a vote of the voters at the next succeeding general election in the same manner as such question was originally submitted. If a majority of such voters votes disapproval of such amendment, no further action shall be taken on such petition. If a majority of such voters votes approval of such amendment, it shall, unless precluded by subsection 5 or 6, become a part of this Constitution upon completion of the canvass of votes by the Supreme Court.
5. If two or more measures which affect the same section of a statute or of the Constitution are finally approved pursuant to this Section, or an amendment to the Constitution is finally so approved and an amendment proposed by the Legislature is ratified which affect the same section, by the voters at the same election:
(b) If one or more contradict in substance the other or others, the measure which received the largest favorable vote, and any other approved measure compatible with it, shall be given effect. If the one or more measures that contradict in substance the other or others receive the same number of favorable votes, none of the measures that contradict another shall be given effect.
Art. XIX §3 | REFERENDUM AND INITIATIVE PETITIONS: CONTENTS AND FORM; SIGNATURES; ENACTING CLAUSE; MANNER OF VERIFICATION OF SIGNATURES
2. The Legislature may authorize the Secretary of State and the other public officers to use generally accepted statistical procedures in conducting a preliminary verification of the number of signatures submitted in connection with a referendum petition or an initiative petition, and for this purpose to require petitions to be filed no more than 65 days earlier than is otherwise required by this Article.
Art. XIX §4 | POWERS OF INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM OF REGISTERED VOTERS OF COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES
Art. XIX §5 | PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE SELF-EXECUTING; LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES
Art. XIX §6 | LIMITATION ON INITIATIVE MAKING APPROPRIATION OR REQUIRING EXPENDITURE OF MONEY
Congressional Term Limits Act of 1996
Cong. §A | BALLOT TITLE
Cong. §B | PREAMBLE TO THE CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITS ACT OF 1996
Nevertheless Congress has ignored our desire for Term Limits not only by proposing excessively long terms for its own members but also by utterly refusing to pass an amendment for genuine Congressional term limits. Congress has a clear conflict of interest in proposing a term limits amendment to the United States Constitution. A majority of both Republicans and Democrats in the 104th Congress voted against a constitutional amendment containing the term limits passed by a wide margin of Nevada voters.
The People, not Congress, should set Term Limits. We hereby establish as the official position of the Citizens and State of Nevada that our elected officials should enact by Constitutional Amendment congressional Term Limits of three (3) terms in the United States House of Representatives, and of two (2) terms in the United States Senate.
The career politicians dominating Congress have a conflict of interest that prevents Congress from being what the Founders intended, the branch of government closest to the people. The politicians have refused to heed the will of the people for term limits; they have voted to dramatically raise their own pay; they have provided lavish million dollar pensions for themselves; and they have granted themselves numerous other privileges at the expense of the people. Most importantly, members of Congress have enriched themselves while running up huge deficits to support their spending. They have put the government nearly $5,000,000,000,000.00 (five trillion dollars) in debt, gravely threatening the future of our children and grandchildren.
The corruption and appearance of corruption brought about by political careerism is destructive to the proper functioning of the first branch of our representative government. Congress has grown increasingly distant from the People of the States. The People have the sovereign right and a compelling interest in creating a citizen Congress that will more effective protect our freedom and prosperity. This interest and right may not effectively be served in any way other than that proposed by this initiative.
We hereby state our intentions on behalf of the People of Nevada, that this Amendment lead to the adoption of the following Constitutional Amendment:
CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITS AMENDMENT
Section 1.
No person shall serve in the office of the United States Representative for more than three terms, but upon ratification of this amendment no person who has held the office of United States Representative or who then holds the office shall serve for more than two additional terms.Section 2.
No person shall serve in the office of United States Senator for more than two terms, but upon ratification of this amendment no person who has held the office of United States Senator or who then holds the office shall serve for more than one additional term.Section 3.
This article shall have no time limit within which it must be ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States.Therefore, We, the People of the State of Nevada, have chosen to amend the state constitution to inform voters regarding incumbent and non-incumbent federal and state legislative candidates’ support for the above proposed CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITS AMENDMENT.
Cong. §C | VOTER INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS FOR MEMBERS OF CONGRESS
2. All primary and general election ballots shall have printed the information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” adjacent to the name of any United States Senator or Representative who:
b. fails to second the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above if it lacks for a second before any proceeding of the legislative body or;
c. fails to propose or otherwise bring to a vote of the full legislative body the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above if it otherwise lacks a legislator who so proposes or brings to a vote of the full legislative body the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above or;
d. fails to vote in favor of all votes bringing the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above before any committee or subcommittee of the respective house upon which he or she serves or;
e. fails to reject any attempt to delay, table or otherwise prevent a vote by the full legislative body of the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above or;
f. fails to vote against any proposed constitutional amendment that would establish longer term limits than those in the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above regardless of any other actions in support of the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above or;
g. sponsors or cosponsors any proposed constitutional amendment or law that would establish longer term limits than those in the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above, or;
h. fails to ensure that all votes on Congressional Term Limits are recorded and made available to the public.
Cong. §D | VOTER INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMIT PLEDGE FOR NON-INCUMBENTS
2. The “Term Limits” pledge shall be offered to non-incumbent candidates for United States Senator and Representative, and the Nevada Legislature until a Constitutional Amendment which limits the number of terms of United States Senators to no more than two and United States Representatives to no more than three shall have become part of our United States Constitution.
3. The “Term Limits” pledge that each non-incumbent candidate, set forth above, shall be offered is as follows:
I support term limits and pledge to use all my legislative powers to enact the proposed Constitutional Amendment set forth in the Term Limits Act of 1996. If elected, I pledge to vote in such a way that the designation “DISREGARDED VOTER INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” will not appear adjacent to my name.
Signature of Candidate
Cong. §E | VOTER INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS FOR STATE LEGISLATORS
2. Application:
We, the People and Legislature of the State of Nevada, due to our desire to establish term limits on Congress, hereby make application to Congress, pursuant to our power under Article 5, to call a convention for proposing amendments to the Constitution.3. All primary and general election ballots shall have the information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” printed adjacent to the name of any respective member of the Nevada Legislature who:
b. fails to second the application set forth above if it lacks for a second or;
c. fails to vote in favor of all votes bringing the application set forth above before any committee or subcommittee upon which he or she serves;
d. fails to propose or otherwise bring to a vote of the full legislative body the application set forth above if it otherwise lacks a legislator who so proposes or brings to a vote of the full legislative body the application set forth above or;
e. fails to vote against any attempt to delay, table or otherwise prevent a vote by the full legislative body of the application set forth above or;
f. fails in any way to ensure that all votes on the application set forth above are recorded and made available to the public or;
g. fails to vote against any change, addition or modification to the application set forth above or;
h. fails to vote in favor of the amendment set forth above if it is sent to the states for ratification or;
i. fails to vote against any term limits amendment, with longer terms if such an amendment is sent to the states for ratification.
5. The information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” shall not appear adjacent to the names of candidates for the Nevada Legislature as required by any of subsections 3 (h) through 3 (i) if the State of Nevada has ratified the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth in this act.
6. The information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” shall not appear adjacent to the names of candidates for the Nevada Legislature as required by any of subsections 3 (a) through 3 (i) if the proposed Congressional Term Limits Amendment set forth above has become part of the United States Constitution.
Cong. §F | DESIGNATION
“DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS”OR“DECLINED TO PLEDGE TO SUPPORT TERM LIMITS.”
2. The Secretary of State shall consider timely submitted public comments prior to making the determination required in subsection (1) of this section and may rely on such comments and any information submitted by the candidates in making the determination required in subsection (1).3. The Secretary of State, in accordance with subsection (1) of this section shall determine and declare what information, if any, shall appear adjacent to the names of each incumbent federal legislator if he or she was to be a candidate in the next election. In the case of United States Representatives and United States Senators, this determination and declaration shall be made in a fashion necessary to ensure the orderly printing of primary and general election ballots with allowance made for all legal action provided in section (5) and (6) below, and shall be based upon each member of Congress’s action during their current term of office and any action taken in any concluded term, if such action was taken after the determination and declaration was made by the Secretary of State in a previous election. In the case of incumbent state legislators, this determination and declaration shall be made not later than (30) days after the end of the regular session following each general election, and shall be based upon legislative action in the previous regular session and any action taken in any concluded term, if such action was taken after the determination and declaration was made by the Secretary of State in a previous election.
4. The Secretary of State shall determine and declare what information, if any, will appear adjacent to the names of non-incumbent candidates for the state and federal legislatures, not later than five (5) business days after the deadline for filing for the office.
5. If the Secretary of State makes the determination that the information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” or “DECLINED TO PLEDGE TO SUPPORT TERM LIMITS” shall not be placed on the ballot adjacent to the name of a candidate for the federal or state legislature, any elector may appeal such decision within five (5) business days to the Nevada Supreme Court as an original action or shall waive any right to appeal such decision; in which case the burden of proof shall be upon the Secretary of State to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that the candidate has met the requirements set forth in this Act and therefore should not have the information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” or “DECLINED TO PLEDGE TO SUPPORT TERM LIMITS” printed on the ballot adjacent to the candidate’s name.
6. If the Secretary of State determines that the information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” or “DECLINED TO PLEDGE TO SUPPORT TERM LIMITS” shall be placed on the ballot adjacent to a candidate’s name, the candidate may appeal such decision within (5) business days to the Nevada Supreme Court as an original action or shall waive any right to appeal such decision; in which case the burden of proof shall be upon the candidate to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that he or she should not have the information “DISREGARDED VOTERS’ INSTRUCTION ON TERM LIMITS” or “DECLINED TO PLEDGE TO SUPPORT TERM LIMITS” printed on the ballot adjacent to the candidate’s name.
7. The Supreme Court shall hear the appeal provided for in subsection (5) and issue a decision within 60 days. The Supreme Court shall hear the appeal provided for in subsection (6) and issue a decision not later than 61 days before the date of the election.
Cong. §G | AUTOMATIC REPEAL
Cong. §H | JURISDICTION
Cong. §I | SEVERABILITY
Election Ordinance
INTRODUCTION TO THE ELECTION ORDINANCE
The enabling act passed by Congress and approved March Twenty first A.D. Eighteen Hundred and Sixty four, requires that the convention charged with the duty of framing a Constitution for a State Government “shall provide by ordinance for submitting said Constitution to the People of the Territory of Nevada, for their ratification or rejection” on a certain day prescribed therein; therefore this Convention organized in pursuance of said enabling act, do establish the following:
Ord. §1 | PROCLAMATION BY TERRITORIAL GOVERNOR; GENERAL ELECTION
Ord. §2 | QUALIFIED ELECTORS MAY VOTE FOR ADOPTION OR REJECTION OF CONSTITUTION
Ord. §3 | QUALIFIED ELECTORS FOR FIRST GENERAL ELECTION
Ord. §4 | ELECTIONS: PLACES, JUDGES, INSPECTORS AND PROCEDURE
Ord. §5 | ELECTION RETURNS
Ord. §6 | CANVASS OF VOTES; PROCLAMATION; ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATES OF ELECTION
Ord. §7 | LIST OF ELECTORS IN ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES
Ord. §8 | TRANSMISSION OF LISTS OF ELECTORS IN ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES
Ord. §9 | VOTING BY SOLDIERS: QUALIFICATIONS
Ord. §10 | VOTING BY SOLDIERS: PROCEDURE; COUNT OF VOTES
Ord. §11 | VOTING BY SOLDIERS: TRANSMISSION OF RESULTS
Ord. §12 | VOTING BY SOLDIERS: FORM OF RETURN
“Returns of Soldiers, votes in the (here insert the regiment, detachment, battalion, squadron or battery)”(For first election on the Constitution.)
I ________________ hereby certify, that, on the first Wednesday of September A.D. Eighteen hundred and sixty four the Electors belonging to the (here insert the name of the regiment, detachment, battalion[,] squadron or battery.) cast the following number of votes for and against the Constitution for the State of Nevada, Viz:(Second election for State and other Officers)For “Constitution”
(number of votes written in full and in figures.) Against “Constitution”
(number of votes written in full and in figures)
I ________________ hereby certify that on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November A.D. Eighteen hundred and Sixty four, the Electors belonging to the (here insert as above) cast the following number of votes for the several officers and persons hereinafter named Viz:For Governor________________
________________ names of persons voted for, number of votes for each person voted for written in full and also in figures, against the name of each person.For Lieutenant Governor________________
________________ name of Candidates, number of votes cast for each, written out and in figures as above.________________ Continue as above till the list is completed.________________ Attest
________________________________
________________________________
I, A.B ________________________________ Commanding Officer of the (here Insert regiment[,] detachment, battalion, squadron, or battery as the case may be).
Ord. §13 | VOTING BY SOLDIERS: TERRITORIAL GOVERNOR TO FURNISH FORM OF RETURN
Ord. §14 | APPLICABILITY TO FUTURE VOTES OF SOLDIERS
ORDINANCE SIGNATURE LINE
This material might help you recover from the damages that lawbreaking judges/lawyers/agencies/organizations have inflicted upon you [and/or the public] (see this example of a Florida judge who outright committed perjury).
Perhaps it'll [even] help you navigate through your state's administrative gauntlet. A gauntlet which might include – but not be limited to:
- State Agency Bribery;
- State Agency Corruption;
- State Agency Obstruction; and
- State Agency Self-Discrimination
Sincerely,
www.TextBookDiscrimination.com
